Question 1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, are hydrolyzed to monomers and then oxidized 
B)  ATP is a common product in such pathways 
C)  the pathways are exergonic 
D)  energy input is required for these pathways to take place 
A)  macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, are hydrolyzed to monomers and then oxidized 
B)  ATP is a common product in such pathways 
C)  the pathways are exergonic 
D)  energy input is required for these pathways to take place D

Question 2

What function do vitamins usually serve?

Accepted Answer

A)  coenzymes or precursors of coenzymes 
B)  intermediates of the TCA cycle 
C)  precursors of amino acids 
D)  hormones or second messengers 
A)  coenzymes or precursors of coenzymes 
B)  intermediates of the TCA cycle 
C)  precursors of amino acids 
D)  hormones or second messengers A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  obese individulas are more likely to get cancer 
B)  diabetic individuals are more likely to get cancer 
C)  when obese or diabetic patients get cancer, they are more likely to die from it 
D)  cancer strikes lean and healthy people with the same odds as it strikes obese and diabetic people 
A)  obese individulas are more likely to get cancer 
B)  diabetic individuals are more likely to get cancer 
C)  when obese or diabetic patients get cancer, they are more likely to die from it 
D)  cancer strikes lean and healthy people with the same odds as it strikes obese and diabetic people D

Question 4

Proteins are always being degraded, so there is a constant need for quality protein in order to maintain the body's structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is not a characteristic of anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  macromolecules are synthesized 
B)  ATP is generally consumed in these pathways 
C)  the pathways are exergonic 
D)  the molecules undergo reduction 
A)  macromolecules are synthesized 
B)  ATP is generally consumed in these pathways 
C)  the pathways are exergonic 
D)  the molecules undergo reduction

Question 6

A hormone is defined as a substance which is made in one tissue, but actually acts on a different tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What happens to the nitrogen from excess protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is stored as carbohydrate. 
B)  It is stored as fat. 
C)  It is eliminated through the urea cycle. 
D)  It is exhaled as N2 gas. 
E)  It is stored to make future proteins 
A)  It is stored as carbohydrate. 
B)  It is stored as fat. 
C)  It is eliminated through the urea cycle. 
D)  It is exhaled as N2 gas. 
E)  It is stored to make future proteins

Question 8

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B6 
C)  D 
D)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B6 
C)  D 
D)  E

Question 9

Studies of metabolism usually separate the reactions into pathways, such as the Krebs' Cycle or the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. This is really an artificial designation, since these pathways are all intimately linked and overlap.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The action of Ca2+ in a second messenger scheme

Accepted Answer

A)  involves the calcium-binding protein calmodulin as the actual second messenger 
B)  relies entirely on intercellular reservoirs of Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  does not involve the G protein 
D)  produces sustained responses by controlling the flow of Ca2+ into the cell 
A)  involves the calcium-binding protein calmodulin as the actual second messenger 
B)  relies entirely on intercellular reservoirs of Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  does not involve the G protein 
D)  produces sustained responses by controlling the flow of Ca2+ into the cell

Question 11

Which of the following is not a characteristic of catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP is generated by catabolism 
B)  reducing equivalents are most often released in the form of hydrogen atoms 
C)  NAD+ is one of the major electron carriers in catabolic reactions 
D)  NADH produced in catabolic reactions is reoxidized to NAD+ in the mitochondria 
A)  ATP is generated by catabolism 
B)  reducing equivalents are most often released in the form of hydrogen atoms 
C)  NAD+ is one of the major electron carriers in catabolic reactions 
D)  NADH produced in catabolic reactions is reoxidized to NAD+ in the mitochondria

Question 12

For which of the following is there no RDA (recommended daily allowance)?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  fluoride 
C)  iodine 
D)  iron 
A)  calcium 
B)  fluoride 
C)  iodine 
D)  iron

Question 13

Epinephrine is an example of a hormone which uses calcium ion as a key part of its intracellular effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The following are not essential in the human diet.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethanol. 
B)  Nucleic acids. 
C)  Heme containing compounds. 
D)  Neither ethanol nor heme-containing compounds are required. 
E)  None of these is required in the human diet. 
A)  Ethanol. 
B)  Nucleic acids. 
C)  Heme containing compounds. 
D)  Neither ethanol nor heme-containing compounds are required. 
E)  None of these is required in the human diet.

Question 15

The following reactions are all common parts of some hormone processes:
1)Binding of the hormone to a receptor.
2)Synthesis of cyclic AMP
3)Phosphorylation of the target enzyme.
4)Release of a G-protein from the interior cell membrane.
5)Activation of a protein kinase.
A typical path of reactions would follow this sequence:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 4 → 3 → 5. 
B)  1 → 4 → 2 → 3 → 5. 
C)  1 → 4 → 2 → 5 → 3. 
D)  1 → 2 → 4 → 5 → 3. 
E)  2 → 1 → 4 → 5 → 3. 
A)  1 → 2 → 4 → 3 → 5. 
B)  1 → 4 → 2 → 3 → 5. 
C)  1 → 4 → 2 → 5 → 3. 
D)  1 → 2 → 4 → 5 → 3. 
E)  2 → 1 → 4 → 5 → 3.

Question 16

Insulin and Insulin-like Growth factor play a role in

Accepted Answer

A)  tumor growth 
B)  obesity 
C)  diabetes 
D)  cancer 
E)  all of these 
A)  tumor growth 
B)  obesity 
C)  diabetes 
D)  cancer 
E)  all of these

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning iron deficiency in humans is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron requires a carrier molecule for absorption and transport. 
B)  Iron can only be absorbed in the iron (III) state. 
C)  Iron often forms insoluble complexes with other food substances. 
D)  Other ions may compete with iron for uptake into the body. 
A)  Iron requires a carrier molecule for absorption and transport. 
B)  Iron can only be absorbed in the iron (III) state. 
C)  Iron often forms insoluble complexes with other food substances. 
D)  Other ions may compete with iron for uptake into the body.

Question 18

Between meals, the blood glucose levels are regulated mostly by

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen phosphorylase 
B)  insulin 
C)  glucagon 
D)  epinephrine 
E)  insulin and glucagon 
F) none of these 
A)  glycogen phosphorylase 
B)  insulin 
C)  glucagon 
D)  epinephrine 
E)  insulin and glucagon 
F) none of these

Question 19

Insulin exerts its effects through

Accepted Answer

A)  cyclic AMP. 
B)  calcium ions. 
C)  tyrosine kinases. 
D)  direct action on DNA-binding proteins. 
E)  none of these 
A)  cyclic AMP. 
B)  calcium ions. 
C)  tyrosine kinases. 
D)  direct action on DNA-binding proteins. 
E)  none of these

Question 20

The G protein

Accepted Answer

A)  is a tetramer 
B)  is inactivated by cholera toxin 
C)  mediates the production of second messenger 
D)  is a hexameric complex in the cytosol 
A)  is a tetramer 
B)  is inactivated by cholera toxin 
C)  mediates the production of second messenger 
D)  is a hexameric complex in the cytosol

Exam 24: Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

Which of the following is not a characteristic of catabolic pathways?

What function do vitamins usually serve?

Which of the following is NOT true?

Proteins are always being degraded, so there is a constant need for quality protein in order to maintain the body's structures.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of anabolic pathways?

A hormone is defined as a substance which is made in one tissue, but actually acts on a different tissue.

What happens to the nitrogen from excess protein?

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

Studies of metabolism usually separate the reactions into pathways, such as the Krebs' Cycle or the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. This is really an artificial designation, since these pathways are all intimately linked and overlap.

The action of Ca2+ in a second messenger scheme

Which of the following is not a characteristic of catabolic pathways?

For which of the following is there no RDA (recommended daily allowance)?

Epinephrine is an example of a hormone which uses calcium ion as a key part of its intracellular effect.

The following are not essential in the human diet.

Insulin and Insulin-like Growth factor play a role in

Which of the following statements concerning iron deficiency in humans is false?

Between meals, the blood glucose levels are regulated mostly by

Insulin exerts its effects through

The G protein

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of RNA

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

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The action of Ca²⁺ in a second messenger scheme