Exam 23: Swap Contracts,convertible Securities,and Other Embedded Derivatives

The writer of a ____ agreement makes settlement payments when LIBOR is less than the striking rate of the agreement.

In a forward rate agreement (FRA)two parties agree today to a future exchange of cash flows based on two different interest rates.

Exhibit 23.2 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) Darden Industries has decided to borrow $25,000,000.00 for six months in two three-month issues. As the Treasurer, you are concerned that interest rates will rise over the next three months and the rate upon which the second payment will be based will be undesirable. (The amount of Darden's first payment will be known at origination.) To reduce the company's interest rate exposure, you decide to purchase a 3 × 6 FRA whereby you pay the dealer's quoted fixed rate of 4.5% in exchange for receiving 3-month LIBOR at the settlement date. In order to hedge her exposure, the dealer buys LIBOR from McIntire Industries at its bid rate of 4%. (Assume a notional principal of $25,000,000.00 and that there are 60 days between month 3 and month 6.) -Refer to Exhibit 23.2.How much compensation does the dealer receive for transaction costs,credit risk and other costs associated with matching the FRA's?

Exhibit 23.10 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) TexMex Corporation has decided to borrow $50,000,000 for six months in two three-month issues. The corporation is concerned that interest rates will rise over the next three months. Thus, the corporation purchases a 3 × 6 FRA whereby the corporation pays the dealer's quoted fixed rate of 3.5% in exchange for receiving 3-month LIBOR at the settlement date. In order to hedge her exposure, the dealer buys LIBOR from Newport Inc. at its bid rate of 3%. The notional principal is $50,000,000 and that there are 60 days between month 3 and month 6. -Refer to Exhibit 23.10.Suppose that 3-month LIBOR is 4.0% on the rate determination day,and the contract specified settlement in arrears at month 6,describe the transaction that occurs between the dealer and TexMex.

Convertibles provide the upside potential of common stock and the downside protection of a bond.

Exhibit 23.10 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) TexMex Corporation has decided to borrow $50,000,000 for six months in two three-month issues. The corporation is concerned that interest rates will rise over the next three months. Thus, the corporation purchases a 3 × 6 FRA whereby the corporation pays the dealer's quoted fixed rate of 3.5% in exchange for receiving 3-month LIBOR at the settlement date. In order to hedge her exposure, the dealer buys LIBOR from Newport Inc. at its bid rate of 3%. The notional principal is $50,000,000 and that there are 60 days between month 3 and month 6. -Refer to Exhibit 23.10.How much compensation does the dealer receive for transaction costs,credit risk and other costs associated with matching the FRA's?

An advantage of convertible bonds is

Exhibit 23.2 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) Darden Industries has decided to borrow $25,000,000.00 for six months in two three-month issues. As the Treasurer, you are concerned that interest rates will rise over the next three months and the rate upon which the second payment will be based will be undesirable. (The amount of Darden's first payment will be known at origination.) To reduce the company's interest rate exposure, you decide to purchase a 3 × 6 FRA whereby you pay the dealer's quoted fixed rate of 4.5% in exchange for receiving 3-month LIBOR at the settlement date. In order to hedge her exposure, the dealer buys LIBOR from McIntire Industries at its bid rate of 4%. (Assume a notional principal of $25,000,000.00 and that there are 60 days between month 3 and month 6.) -Refer to Exhibit 23.2.Assuming that 3-month LIBOR is 5.00% on the rate determination day,and the contract specified settlement in arrears at month 6,describe the transaction that occurs between the dealer and McIntire.

The conversion premium for a convertible bond is calculated as:

Exhibit 23.7 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) The WallMal Company has entered into a 4-year interest rate swap, with semiannual settlement, to pay a fixed rate of 8% per year and receive 6-month LIBOR. The notional principal is $50,000,000. -Refer to Exhibit 23.7.Assume that one year later the fixed rate on a new 3-year receive fixed pay floating LIBOR swap has fallen to 7% per year.Settlement is on a semiannual basis.Calculate the market value of the FRN based on $100 face value.

A plain vanilla swap agreement is used in similar situations as a forward rate agreement.

The intrinsic value of a warrant is calculated as:

Consider a pension fund manager that wishes to convert $10 million from notes paying LIBOR to stocks,using an equity swap.The equity swap should be structured so that

Exhibit 23.2 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) Darden Industries has decided to borrow $25,000,000.00 for six months in two three-month issues. As the Treasurer, you are concerned that interest rates will rise over the next three months and the rate upon which the second payment will be based will be undesirable. (The amount of Darden's first payment will be known at origination.) To reduce the company's interest rate exposure, you decide to purchase a 3 × 6 FRA whereby you pay the dealer's quoted fixed rate of 4.5% in exchange for receiving 3-month LIBOR at the settlement date. In order to hedge her exposure, the dealer buys LIBOR from McIntire Industries at its bid rate of 4%. (Assume a notional principal of $25,000,000.00 and that there are 60 days between month 3 and month 6.) -Refer to Exhibit 23.2.Assuming that 3-month LIBOR is 5.00% on the rate determination day,and the contract specified settlement in arrears at month 6,describe the transaction that occurs between the dealer and Darden.

The intrinsic value of a warrant = (Market price of common stock + Warrant exercise price)× Number of shares specified by the warrant.

If interest rates fall,an interest rate cap would expire unexercised.

Exhibit 23.4 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) Black Gold Industries (BGI) is an independent oil producer with production capacity of 500,000 barrels per month. Due to the cost structure of the business, BGI needs to receive $56.50 per barrel in order to remain solvent. On the other side of this situation is Petrochemicals Unlimited (PU) which uses an average of 500,000 barrels of West Texas crude oil in its normal production operations. The nature of PU's business is such that they will financially suffer if they have to pay more than an average of $57.80 per barrel for oil over the next six years. To hedge against their exposure to volatile oil prices, BI and PU contact a swap dealer to arrange the six-year oil swap described below: - Settlement is made monthly. - The notional principal is for 500,000 barrels per month. - The monthly WTI index value is determined as the average of the daily settlement prices for the crude oil futures contract traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). - The swap dealer pays BGI $57.00 per barrel. - BGI pays the swap dealer the average NYMEX Oil futures price per barrel. - PU pays the swap dealer $57.50 per barrel. - The swap dealer pays PU dealer the average NYMEX Oil futures price per barrel. -Refer to Exhibit 23.4.Describe the transaction that occurs between BGI and the swap dealer if the monthly average oil futures settlement price is $55.50.

Exhibit 23.10 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) TexMex Corporation has decided to borrow $50,000,000 for six months in two three-month issues. The corporation is concerned that interest rates will rise over the next three months. Thus, the corporation purchases a 3 × 6 FRA whereby the corporation pays the dealer's quoted fixed rate of 3.5% in exchange for receiving 3-month LIBOR at the settlement date. In order to hedge her exposure, the dealer buys LIBOR from Newport Inc. at its bid rate of 3%. The notional principal is $50,000,000 and that there are 60 days between month 3 and month 6. -Refer to Exhibit 23.10.Suppose that 3-month LIBOR is 4.0% on the rate determination day,and the contract specified settlement in advance,describe the transaction that occurs between the dealer and TexMex.

Exhibit 23.3 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) Chimichango Industries has decided to borrow $50,000,000.00 for six months in two three-month issues. As the Treasurer, you are concerned that interest rates will rise over the next three months and the rate upon which the second payment will be based will be undesirable. (The amount of Chimichango's first payment will be known at origination.) To reduce the company's interest rate exposure, you decide to purchase a 3 × 6 FRA whereby you pay the dealer's quoted fixed rate of 5.91% in exchange for receiving 3-month LIBOR at the settlement date. In order to hedge her exposure, the dealer buys LIBOR from Megabuks Industries at its bid rate of 5.85%. (Assume a notional principal of $50,000,000.00 and that there are 60 days between month 3 and month 6.) -Refer to Exhibit 23.3.Assuming that 3-month LIBOR is 5.6% on the rate determination day,and the contract specified settlement in advance,describe the transaction that occurs between the dealer and Chimichango.

A floor agreement is a series of cash settlement interest rate options,typically based on LIBOR.