Exam 7: Achievements in Science and Technology in Medieval Times

In astronomy, …………..improved the measurements of Hipparchus.

The guilds during the …………………period (300-500) were known as the 'Shrenia'.

One of the most important military treatises of all ……………..history was 'Hua Long Jing' written by Jiao Yu in the 14th century, which provides the details of gun powder use and related weapons.

………………… is considered by many to be the 'father of chemistry'.

Arab astronomers worked in the Chinese Astronomical Bureau established by ……

………..had erected a large astronomical Clock Tower in Kaifeng city in 1088 AD.

All those guilds in Japan were swept away in the Meiji restoration of………………

Ceramic movable type printing was developed by Bi Sheng in the ……………….century.

……………….was a polymath and astronomer, who created a celestial atlas of star maps and prepared a pharmaceutical treatise with related subjects of botany, zoology, mineralogy and metallurgy.

Avicenna (Ibn Sina) is regarded as the most influential scientist and philosopher of………………..

……………. discovered the concept of 'true north' and improved the design of 'armillary sphere'.

Emperor Gaozong of 7th century of ……………dynasty had commissioned a scholarly compilation of a 'materia medica'.

……………., a Polymath scientist and statesman was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass used for navigation.

The first recorded observations of comets, solar eclipses and supernova were made in…………….

………………of 11th century proposed the idea that rainbows were the result of the contacts between sunlight and moisture in the air, while Shen Kuo expanded upon this with the description of atmospheric refraction.

As a part of the search for remedy of the problem of deforestation, the ……………..discovered how to produce cake from bituminous coal as a substitute for charcoal.

…………….introduced the empirical method to Europe is said to have influenced greatly by the Arab scientists.

……………translated Ptolemy's 'The Great Treatise' into Arabic with the new title 'Almagest'.

………………is generally regarded as the 'father of optics' especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light.

The growth of …………….industry during the 11th century paved way for vast deforestation due to the use of charcoal in the smelting process.