Exam 4: History: Caliphates, Popes, and Feudalism

The successors of Harun al Rashid were not able to resist the external attacks of the……………., who were making encroaches on to the Abbasid Empire.

The holder of the …………….was known as the MUKTI or MUKTA.

The Mongols under their leader, Hulagu Khan conquered………….., the capital of the Abbasids and executed the last Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mutasim in the year 1258.

The internal problems finally led to the collapse of the Umayyads and the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate in …………….. AD.

The ……………..system had existed in the entire medieval West Asia is generally identified as the feudal practice.

…………..became a constituent kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire in 962.

The term ………………is generally used to characterize the social, economic and political system that had existed in Europe in the medieval period.

The peak of the ……………..power occurred in the reign of Harun al Rashid, who relied heavily on his Vazir or prime minister.

…………….transformed the caliphate into a hereditary office.

…………….a relative of Uthman and the governor of Syria captured power of the caliphate after the death of Ali and founded the Umayyad caliphate or the Umayyad dynasty.

The powerful Ottomans defeated the Mamluk Sultan in ………….. and took control of the Arab land.

In the 4th century, Emperor ……………..declared serfdom legal by requiring tenant farmers to pay labour services to their lords.

It is reported that the last Caliph at Cairo surrendered the Caliphate to the Ottoman ruler and then onwards the Ottomans began to be known as the Caliphs, which lasted up to…………..

The imperial crown once held by the Carolingian emperors was disputed between their fractured heirs, but none emerged victorious until Otto I, the Holy Roman emperor invaded………...

The Mongols under their leader, Hulagu Khan conquered Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasids and executed the last Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mutasim in the year……………...

It was Pope Urban II who had preached the first Crusade in…………….., the holy wars or armed pilgrimages intended to liberate Jerusalem from Muslim control.

…………….is the office occupied by the Pope as the spiritual head of the Roman Catholic Church, the bishop of Rome.

The term feudalism is derived from the ………….word 'feodum' which means a 'fief' or a piece of land.

After the Byzantine domination, when Rome was threatened by invaders, the Pope went to the ………….king for help.

About 500 AD much of the Western Europe was left without a strong centralized government, due to the breakdown of the ………….Empire.