Exam 3: Cognitive Affective Bases of Behavior

Someone trying to remember the phone number 7-1-8-0-5-5-5 remembers it as 71 805 55. What is this technique of memorization known as?

F. Skinner studied operant conditioning. According to his research, praise is an example of __________ .

Francis Galton studied the connections between genetics and abilities and determined that intelligence was largely inherited. Which of the following terms best describes his beliefs about how human ability is best fostered?

John Watson's experiment with a young child and a white rat demonstrated the effectiveness of classical conditioning. He paired exposure to the rat with a loud noise and the child learned to be afraid of the rat. The child also demonstrated fear around other white furry objects. What is this an example of?

Albert Bandura, a social learning theorist, and important figure in behavior therapy, explained that people learn from observed behavior. Bandura labeled this way of learning as __________ .

Victor Frankl was an early existentialist therapist, and the founder of logotherapy. Logotherapy asserts that individuals are motivated through the desire to find __________ in life.

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences addressed the idea that methods of measuring intelligence may not be accurate or scientific and suggested that the traditional concept of intelligence did not address the wide scope of abilities humans display. Which of the following is not one of the eight types of intelligence suggested in this theory?

David Krech studied the relationship between environment and intelligence by experimenting with rats in specifically-constructed environments. Which of the following is NOT one of his research conclusions?

In Pavlov's classical conditioning dog experiment, he paired a neutral stimulus (a tone) with an unconditioned stimulus (meat) repeatedly until the neutral stimulus became a conditioned stimulus (the dog learned to salivate upon hearing the tone). He then paired the tone with a new neutral stimulus, such as a flash of light, repeatedly, until the learned response was elicited from the dog upon exposure to the flash of light. What is this known as?

Cognitive therapists challenge clients' distorted ways of thinking, to allow for new, more rational thoughts. One type of cognitive distortion is all-or -nothing thinking. An example of all-or-nothing thinking is:

Sensory memory is one stage of memory that involves storing information as either a visual image or a sound. What is the time span of echoic memory in this stage?

As humans, instead of remembering every detail of an event or a story, which would be very time consuming and effortful, we tend to remember a general picture of what happened. Later, if asked to remember an event or a story, we recall the general picture we created and then fill in the specific details, which may or may not be accurate. This is referred to as what?

Classical conditioning, a type of learning studied by Ivan Pavlov, tested his theory on dogs. A more contemporary example of classical conditioning is:

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence (first introduced in 1977) includes three facets of intelligence. The ability to break problems down into component parts describes which of those three facets?

Edward Thorndike studied animal behavior and learning processes. He formulated a theory of learning based on his research. He was an early proponent of active learning theory. What does that theory state?

Adults are capable of abstract thought. In contrast, children are concrete thinkers, meaning they are able to think about things in "here and now." Which is an example of a concrete way of thinking?

Arthur Jensen claimed that roughly eighty percent of human intelligence was the result of heredity and that environmental influence was responsible for the remaining twenty percent. Which environmental factor did he believe was most influential on intelligence?

There are windows of learning during which it is easiest for people to acquire or refine particular abilities. For example, it is commonly accepted that children learn more readily than adults. One of the key windows of learning is:

Which idea is the Montessori method of education primarily based on?

There are different types of memory that are responsible for retaining information over varying lengths of time. Which type of memory is responsible for being able to recall names of childhood experiences and the names of family members?