Exam 3: Cognitive Affective Bases of Behavior

Escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning are two types of operant conditioning. Which of the following is NOT a similarity of these two methods?

Different theories of emotion propose varying relationships between psychological feelings and bodily reactions. In the 1960s, researchers performed an experiment in which they injected two groups of subjects with epinephrine. What theory is supported by this study?

"My physician didn't call to tell me the test results. She probably has bad news and doesn't want to tell me." is an example of what type of distorted thinking?

Pain perception includes both sensory and emotional experiences. In 1965, two researchers proposed that pain sensation is mediated by transmission cells in the spinal cord, rather than being directly related to activated pain receptors. What is this idea known as?

An ambitious amateur violinist is able to learn a difficult piece of music when working with her mentor. Yet, on her own, she struggles with the same piece of music. Over time, while working with her mentor, she is eventually able to master the piece even when she is not with her mentor. This example fits the concept of __________ .

Every Friday Tasha buys a $5.00 scratch-off lottery ticket from the gas station. When she began doing this 6 months ago, she was either losing money or breaking even on her investment. However, over the last month, she has won at least $10.00 every week. Tasha now judges the probability of winning this week as very high. Tasha is using what kind of heuristic to predict the likelihood she is going to win this week?

Anecdotal evidence has linked the full phase of the moon with increased hospital admissions, poorer behavior in dementia patients, and suicides. However, a study in the 1990s examined 100 studies on lunar effects and concluded that the phase of the moon has no correlation with increased hospital admissions, poorer behavior in dementia patients, or suicides. Yet many continue to believe that the phase of the moon affects these things. This is an example of:

In Gestalt principles of perception, the tendency for an object in our environment to stand out against a background is referred to as which of the following?

David Kolb identifies four learning styles. If you have a client who learns, via the converger style, he or she uses __________ .

Theories about reward and punishment based in classical and operant conditioning techniques have also been applied to the workplace. What has research about reward and punishment theories found to be true?

Women are more likely to develop depression than men. What factors may contribute to the higher prevalence of depression in women? Choose all that apply.

Three friends, Lauren, Tayler, and Cessily, are all playing in the rugby nationals tournament. All three girls have equal playing abilities. However, on game day, Lauren doesn't think the tournament is a big deal and thus does not get nervous or even "pumped-up" for the tournament. Tayler knows this tournament is incredibly important to the team and is very nervous about performing well. Cessily is a little nervous and recognizes the importance of the tournament, but also is confident in her abilities. Based on this information and what you know about stress and performance, who is likely to do the best during the rugby tournament?

One critic of Arthur Jensen's claim that eighty percent of intelligence is determined by heredity questioned his use of one type of study. Which of the following studies did Urie Bronfenbrenner claim were excessively used in Jensen's research?

Julian is having difficulty remembering how to read the treble clef in music notation. His music teacher shows him the following trick: The notes on the lines can be remembered with "Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge" whereas the notes in the spaces can be remembered with "FACE." Julian's music teacher has just taught him:

McGyver was quite skilled at using ordinary objects in ways other than their intended or typical use. In this way he was able to solve many problems that would have stumped others. One could say that McGyver was good at overcoming:

When you think of the color white, you think of something pure, innocent, and unpolluted. This is an example of a __________ .

Different theories of emotion propose varying relationships between psychological feelings and bodily reactions. Which theory claims that emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously?

Albert Bandura's work in personality psychology and social cognitive theory has significantly shifted perspectives on learning and behavior. What was his conclusion from the 1961 Bobo doll experiment?

Different types of punishment produce varying types of change. When moderate punishment is used in combination with the opportunity to learn acceptable responses, what type of change typically results?

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory centers on the idea that individuals have different minds, and thus, learn, process, and remember things differently. Gardner believed that a person's __________ affects his or her learning preferences.