Question 1

The symbol for the implication involved in an "if-then" statement is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  $\rightarrow$ 
B)  ^ 
C)  ~ 
D)  * 
A)  $\rightarrow$ 
B)  ^ 
C)  ~ 
D)  * A

Question 2

"If we can sell our old house, then we will have enough money to buy a new one. We're rich, so we do have enough money to buy a new one. Therefore, we'll be able to sell our old house." Choose the best symbolization of the statement and evaluate its validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  s$\rightarrow$ m, r $\rightarrow$ m,  s; this argument is invalid 
B)  s $\rightarrow$ m, r & ( r $\rightarrow$m),   s; this argument is valid 
C)  s $\rightarrow$m, r $\rightarrow$ m,   s; this argument is valid 
D)  None of the answers are correct 
E)  s $\rightarrow$ m, r & ( r $\rightarrow$ m),   s; this argument is invalid 
A)  s$\rightarrow$ m, r $\rightarrow$ m,  s; this argument is invalid 
B)  s $\rightarrow$ m, r & ( r $\rightarrow$m),   s; this argument is valid 
C)  s $\rightarrow$m, r $\rightarrow$ m,   s; this argument is valid 
D)  None of the answers are correct 
E)  s $\rightarrow$ m, r & ( r $\rightarrow$ m),   s; this argument is invalid E

Question 3

The statement "Lucy is not a volleyball player, and Vesta is not a tennis player" is correctly symbolized as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ~ p v ~ q 
B)  l~v & v~t 
C)  ~( l & v) 
D)  ~ p & ~ q 
A)  ~ p v ~ q 
B)  l~v & v~t 
C)  ~( l & v) 
D)  ~ p & ~ q D

Question 4

The statement "Frank isn't a study animal, but Pete is" is correctly symbolized as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  p & q 
B)  ~( p & q) 
C)  p v q 
D)  ~ p & q 
A)  p & q 
B)  ~( p & q) 
C)  p v q 
D)  ~ p & q

Question 5

Consider the statement "If gay marriage is legalized, then gay individuals will be benefitted." Choose the best symbolization of this statement.

Accepted Answer

A)  None of the answers are correct 
B)  l 
C)  l $\rightarrow$ g 
D)  l v g 
E)  l & g 
A)  None of the answers are correct 
B)  l 
C)  l $\rightarrow$ g 
D)  l v g 
E)  l & g

Question 6

"Had Hitler won World War II, he would have eventually had to deal with Japan. If Hitler had to deal with Japan, millions more would have died. Therefore, if Hitler had won World War II, millions more would have died." Choose the best symbolization of the statement and evaluate its validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  None of the answers are correct 
B)  w$\rightarrow$d, d $\rightarrow$ m,  w$\rightarrow$ m; this argument is valid 
C)  d $\rightarrow$ w, m $\rightarrow$ w,  d $\rightarrow$ m; this argument is invalid 
D)  w $\rightarrow$d, d $\rightarrow$ m,   w $\rightarrow$ m; this argument is invalid 
E)  d $\rightarrow$ w, m $\rightarrow$ w,   d $\rightarrow$ m; this argument is valid 
A)  None of the answers are correct 
B)  w$\rightarrow$d, d $\rightarrow$ m,  w$\rightarrow$ m; this argument is valid 
C)  d $\rightarrow$ w, m $\rightarrow$ w,  d $\rightarrow$ m; this argument is invalid 
D)  w $\rightarrow$d, d $\rightarrow$ m,   w $\rightarrow$ m; this argument is invalid 
E)  d $\rightarrow$ w, m $\rightarrow$ w,   d $\rightarrow$ m; this argument is valid

Question 7

The only time a conditional statement is false is when the antecedent is true and the consequent is false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Sometimes, when a statement is true, its negation is also true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The statement "Vera is not a Republican, and Cal is not a Democrat" is correctly symbolized as ~( p & q).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A conditional statement is symbolized by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  =) 
B)    
C)  $\rightarrow$ 
D)  v 
A)  =) 
B)    
C)  $\rightarrow$ 
D)  v

Question 11

Consider the statement "Euthanasia could lead to a lack of compassion when dealing with the elderly, disabled, or the terminally ill." Choose the best symbolization of this statement.

Accepted Answer

A)  None of the answers are correct 
B)  ( e & d) & t 
C)  ( e & d) v t 
D)  ( e v d) v t 
E)  e & ( d & t) 
A)  None of the answers are correct 
B)  ( e & d) & t 
C)  ( e & d) v t 
D)  ( e v d) v t 
E)  e & ( d & t)

Question 12

The statement "it is not the case that Chicago will lose and Green Bay will win" is correctly symbolized by ~( p & q).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The statement "Lara does not have a pen; however, Keith has one" is correctly symbolized as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  p v q 
B)  ~( p & q) 
C)  p & p 
D)  ~ p & q 
A)  p v q 
B)  ~( p & q) 
C)  p & p 
D)  ~ p & q

Question 14

"The physical laws of the universe are set up in such a way that they guarantee the formation of life. If God were to design the universe, that's exactly how he would set it up. If God designed the universe, then he exists. Therefore, God exists." Choose the best symbolization of the statement and evaluate its validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  l, d $\rightarrow$ l, d$\rightarrow$ e,  e; this argument is invalid 
B)  l, d$\rightarrow$ l, d $\rightarrow$ e,   e; this argument is valid 
C)  None of the answers are correct 
D)  l, l $\rightarrow$ d, d $\rightarrow$ e,   e; this argument is invalid 
E)  l, l $\rightarrow$ d, d $\rightarrow$ e,   e; this argument is valid 
A)  l, d $\rightarrow$ l, d$\rightarrow$ e,  e; this argument is invalid 
B)  l, d$\rightarrow$ l, d $\rightarrow$ e,   e; this argument is valid 
C)  None of the answers are correct 
D)  l, l $\rightarrow$ d, d $\rightarrow$ e,   e; this argument is invalid 
E)  l, l $\rightarrow$ d, d $\rightarrow$ e,   e; this argument is valid

Question 15

"If the dog is sleeping, you don't want to wake him up. The dog will start barking if you wake him. So, if the dog isn't sleeping, then he is barking." Choose the best symbolization of the statement and evaluate its validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  s $\rightarrow$ ~ w, w $\rightarrow$ b,   ~ s $\rightarrow$ b; this argument is invalid 
B)  s $\rightarrow$~ w, b $\rightarrow$ w,   ~ s $\rightarrow$ b; this argument is valid 
C)  None of the answers are correct 
D)  s $\rightarrow$ ~ w, b$\rightarrow$ w,   ~ s $\rightarrow$ b; this argument is invalid 
E)  s $\rightarrow$ ~ w, w $\rightarrow$ b,   ~ s $\rightarrow$ b; this argument is valid 
A)  s $\rightarrow$ ~ w, w $\rightarrow$ b,   ~ s $\rightarrow$ b; this argument is invalid 
B)  s $\rightarrow$~ w, b $\rightarrow$ w,   ~ s $\rightarrow$ b; this argument is valid 
C)  None of the answers are correct 
D)  s $\rightarrow$ ~ w, b$\rightarrow$ w,   ~ s $\rightarrow$ b; this argument is invalid 
E)  s $\rightarrow$ ~ w, w $\rightarrow$ b,   ~ s $\rightarrow$ b; this argument is valid

Question 16

The statement "If Mark is a student, then he does not get paid" is correctly symbolized as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  p & ~ q 
B)  p $\rightarrow$ q 
C)  p $\rightarrow$ ~ q 
D)    ~ q 
A)  p & ~ q 
B)  p $\rightarrow$ q 
C)  p $\rightarrow$ ~ q 
D)    ~ q

Question 17

The following is a simple statement: "Michael plays football, and Jerry play basketball."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If both the antecedent and consequent of a conditional are false, then that conditional is false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If there is any instance of all true premises followed by a false conclusion, the argument is invalid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The statement "Lucky is brown, and Rover is black" is correctly symbolized as p & q.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The symbol for the implication involved in an "if-then" statement is _____.

"If we can sell our old house, then we will have enough money to buy a new one. We're rich, so we do have enough money to buy a new one. Therefore, we'll be able to sell our old house." Choose the best symbolization of the statement and evaluate its validity.

The statement "Lucy is not a volleyball player, and Vesta is not a tennis player" is correctly symbolized as _____.

The statement "Frank isn't a study animal, but Pete is" is correctly symbolized as _____.

Consider the statement "If gay marriage is legalized, then gay individuals will be benefitted." Choose the best symbolization of this statement.

"Had Hitler won World War II, he would have eventually had to deal with Japan. If Hitler had to deal with Japan, millions more would have died. Therefore, if Hitler had won World War II, millions more would have died." Choose the best symbolization of the statement and evaluate its validity.

The only time a conditional statement is false is when the antecedent is true and the consequent is false.

Sometimes, when a statement is true, its negation is also true.

The statement "Vera is not a Republican, and Cal is not a Democrat" is correctly symbolized as ~( p & q).

A conditional statement is symbolized by _____.

Consider the statement "Euthanasia could lead to a lack of compassion when dealing with the elderly, disabled, or the terminally ill." Choose the best symbolization of this statement.

The statement "it is not the case that Chicago will lose and Green Bay will win" is correctly symbolized by ~( p & q).

The statement "Lara does not have a pen; however, Keith has one" is correctly symbolized as _____.

"If the dog is sleeping, you don't want to wake him up. The dog will start barking if you wake him. So, if the dog isn't sleeping, then he is barking." Choose the best symbolization of the statement and evaluate its validity.

The statement "If Mark is a student, then he does not get paid" is correctly symbolized as _____.

The following is a simple statement: "Michael plays football, and Jerry play basketball."

If both the antecedent and consequent of a conditional are false, then that conditional is false.

If there is any instance of all true premises followed by a false conclusion, the argument is invalid.

The statement "Lucky is brown, and Rover is black" is correctly symbolized as p & q.

Introduction to Critical Thinking

Recognizing Arguments

Basic Logical Concepts

Language

Logical Fallaciesi

Logical Fallaciesii

Analyzing Arguments

Evaluating Arguments and Truth Claims

A Little Categorical Logic

Inductive Reasoning

Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources

Writing Argumentative Essays

Thinking Critically About the Media

Science and Pseudoscience

Filters

Exam 10: A Little Propositional Logic

The symbol for the implication involved in an "if-then" statement is _____.

"If we can sell our old house, then we will have enough money to buy a new one. We're rich, so we do have enough money to buy a new one. Therefore, we'll be able to sell our old house." Choose the best symbolization of the statement and evaluate its validity.

The statement "Lucy is not a volleyball player, and Vesta is not a tennis player" is correctly symbolized as _____.

The statement "Frank isn't a study animal, but Pete is" is correctly symbolized as _____.

Consider the statement "If gay marriage is legalized, then gay individuals will be benefitted." Choose the best symbolization of this statement.

"Had Hitler won World War II, he would have eventually had to deal with Japan. If Hitler had to deal with Japan, millions more would have died. Therefore, if Hitler had won World War II, millions more would have died." Choose the best symbolization of the statement and evaluate its validity.

The only time a conditional statement is false is when the antecedent is true and the consequent is false.

Sometimes, when a statement is true, its negation is also true.

The statement "Vera is not a Republican, and Cal is not a Democrat" is correctly symbolized as ~( p & q).

A conditional statement is symbolized by _____.

Consider the statement "Euthanasia could lead to a lack of compassion when dealing with the elderly, disabled, or the terminally ill." Choose the best symbolization of this statement.

The statement "it is not the case that Chicago will lose and Green Bay will win" is correctly symbolized by ~( p & q).

The statement "Lara does not have a pen; however, Keith has one" is correctly symbolized as _____.

"If the dog is sleeping, you don't want to wake him up. The dog will start barking if you wake him. So, if the dog isn't sleeping, then he is barking." Choose the best symbolization of the statement and evaluate its validity.

The statement "If Mark is a student, then he does not get paid" is correctly symbolized as _____.

The following is a simple statement: "Michael plays football, and Jerry play basketball."

If both the antecedent and consequent of a conditional are false, then that conditional is false.

If there is any instance of all true premises followed by a false conclusion, the argument is invalid.

The statement "Lucky is brown, and Rover is black" is correctly symbolized as p & q.

Introduction to Critical Thinking

Recognizing Arguments

Basic Logical Concepts

Language

Logical Fallaciesi

Logical Fallaciesii

Analyzing Arguments

Evaluating Arguments and Truth Claims

A Little Categorical Logic

Inductive Reasoning

Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources

Writing Argumentative Essays

Thinking Critically About the Media

Science and Pseudoscience

Filters