Exam 2: The Origins and Evolution of Canadian Corrections

Many of the challenges confronting corrections systems at the beginning of the 21st century were first identified early in the 19th century. Describe and explain the various challenges that were encountered:

Which Commission concluded that the goal of prisons should be NOT only to protect society by incarcerating offenders but also to reform and rehabilitate offenders?

An inmate wakes up in the morning, leaves his cell to eat breakfast in the dining hall, and then walks to the institution's auto body shop, where he is employed with 10 other inmates. Which model of prisons does he reside in?

What main ideals shaped the early days of the Kingston Penitentiary, where prisoners were separated by gender and type of offence; were allowed to have their own bedding, clothing, and food; and their daily lives centered around ideas that were thought to be able to effect change?

What perspective on criminal offenders is exemplified when a prison's mental health employee diagnoses an inmate as having Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and prescribes correctional treatment programming to rehabilitate the offender?

Which penitentiary was considered "state of the art" in its time; viewed hard labour and a strong emphasis on religion as core elements of the reformation process; and aimed to eradicate the underlying causes of crime, identified as intemperance, laziness, and a lack of moral values?

Which provision of Canada's new penology will likely contribute to overcrowding in federal prisons?

The Commission of Inquiry into Certain Events at the Prison for Women in Kingston (Arbour) completed an extensive review of the Kingston Prison for Woman. Describe and explore the issues and resultant recommendations put forward.

What specific question has led to systems of corrections undergoing constant change driven by the ideologies of the provincial and federal governments of the day, fiscal crises, pressures exerted by public interest groups, and a variety of other influences?

An inmate rarely interacts with prison staff and sleeps in a large cell that provides considerable privacy. In what decade is this inmate incarcerated?

What term did both staff and inmates use to refer to the bell that announced every function in inmates' day-to-day prison activities?

An Indigenous inmate has a cell resembling a bedroom, which is located in a living unit with five other inmates, where he eats and sleeps when NOT participating in Indigenous-focused treatment programs. In what era is this inmate incarcerated?

When did modern reform begin in the Canadian corrections system?

What has research evidence shown about "big box" prisons constructed by provincial corrections systems and the rates of prisoners' reoffending upon release?

What deficiency was highlighted by the highly publicized death of a woman offender with an intellectual disability at Grand Valley Institution for Women in 2007?

Which of the following best describes the primary objective of the federal Conservative government (2006-2015), when it introduced a conservative, American-style, "get tough" approach to offenders?

During the 1960s, several new medium- and minimum-security facilities were constructed across Canada, designed to hold small populations of offenders. The facilities introduced expanded visiting privileges and education and training opportunities, and included prison physicians as part of the treatment team. What was this model of corrections known as?

What major change resulted from the publication of Creating Choices (1990), a report produced by the Task Force on Federally Sentenced Women?

Which of the following resulted from the Conservative government's "get tough on crime" initiatives?

What has been a major effect of overcrowding on prison populations?