Question 1

Does import-substitution industrialization (ISI) represent a more likely strategy of economic development for developed or developing nations? Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

Import-substitution industrialization (ISI) is a strategy of economic development that involves promoting domestic industries by reducing reliance on imported goods and fostering the growth of domestic manufacturing. This strategy is more likely to be pursued by developing nations rather than developed nations.

Developing nations often have a comparative advantage in the production of raw materials and agricultural products, but they may lack the infrastructure and technology necessary for industrialization. By implementing ISI, these countries can protect and nurture their domestic industries, create employment opportunities, and reduce their dependence on foreign imports. Additionally, ISI can help developing nations to diversify their economies and reduce their vulnerability to fluctuations in global commodity prices.

On the other hand, developed nations typically have well-established industrial sectors and a high level of technological advancement. These countries are more likely to pursue a strategy of export-oriented industrialization, focusing on producing high-value goods for export to international markets. This approach allows developed nations to take advantage of their technological expertise and access to global markets.

In conclusion, import-substitution industrialization is a more likely strategy of economic development for developing nations, as it can help them to build a strong domestic industrial base and reduce their reliance on foreign imports. Developed nations, on the other hand, are more likely to pursue export-oriented industrialization to capitalize on their technological capabilities and access to global markets.

Question 2

Drawing on examples from the readings, discuss three incentives that states have in engaging in bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) with one another.

Accepted Answer

There are several incentives that states have in engaging in bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) with one another. Drawing on examples from the readings, three key incentives include:

1. Economic growth and market access: By entering into FTAs, states can gain access to new markets and increase their export opportunities. For example, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) provides improved market access for American agricultural products in Canada and Mexico, leading to increased economic growth for the US agricultural sector.

2. Attracting foreign investment: FTAs can also serve as a signal to foreign investors that a state is open to trade and investment, leading to increased foreign direct investment (FDI). For instance, the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement has helped to attract Australian investment in Singapore and vice versa, leading to increased economic cooperation between the two countries.

3. Geopolitical influence and strategic alliances: FTAs can also serve as a means for states to strengthen their geopolitical influence and form strategic alliances. For example, the European Union's numerous FTAs with countries in Asia and Latin America have helped to solidify the EU's position as a key player in global trade and diplomacy, while also fostering closer political and economic ties with partner countries.

In conclusion, states have several incentives for engaging in bilateral FTAs, including economic growth and market access, attracting foreign investment, and strengthening geopolitical influence and strategic alliances. These incentives demonstrate the importance of FTAs in shaping international trade relations and fostering economic cooperation between states.

Question 3

Citizens are expected to work in return for state benefits as a part of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Welfare schemes 
B)  Workfare regimes 
C)  Industrial regimes 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Welfare schemes 
B)  Workfare regimes 
C)  Industrial regimes 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above B

Question 4

Authoritarian states combine a highly __________________ political system with an increasingly open economic system.

Accepted Answer

A)  Centralized 
B)  Decentralized 
C)  Regionalized 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Centralized 
B)  Decentralized 
C)  Regionalized 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

While on some occasions states may choose to let struggling institutions such as banks fail--in most cases the centrality of financial flows to the wider economy means that states intervene to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Stabilize the system 
B)  Destabilize the system 
C)  Nationalize the system 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Stabilize the system 
B)  Destabilize the system 
C)  Nationalize the system 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

An economic-geographical reading of the role of the state in today's global economy argues that firms and markets need to be seen as engaged with the state in a ___________________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  Discursive 
B)  Mutually dependent 
C)  Antagonistic 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Discursive 
B)  Mutually dependent 
C)  Antagonistic 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 7

In most cases where states actively manage trade, the result is policies that seek to stimulate exports while:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fostering access to imports 
B)  Being restrictive to imports 
C)  Abolishing tariffs on imports 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Fostering access to imports 
B)  Being restrictive to imports 
C)  Abolishing tariffs on imports 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

"National business systems" are another way of referring to:

Accepted Answer

A)  State-owned enterprises (SOEs) 
B)  Providers of public goods and services 
C)  Different national varieties of capitalism 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  State-owned enterprises (SOEs) 
B)  Providers of public goods and services 
C)  Different national varieties of capitalism 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

___________________ levels of cross-border investments by transnational corporations have been a key element of globalization processes over the last three decades.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rising 
B)  Satisfactory 
C)  Sustainable 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Rising 
B)  Satisfactory 
C)  Sustainable 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 10

Welfare states are able to provide a range of national welfare services for their citizens through:

Accepted Answer

A)  State taxation 
B)  Foreign direct investment 
C)  Revenues from natural resources such as oil and gas 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  State taxation 
B)  Foreign direct investment 
C)  Revenues from natural resources such as oil and gas 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 11

The ______________ powers of the state are being transformed by globalization processes rather than necessarily eroded.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fiscal 
B)  Administrative 
C)  Territorial 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Fiscal 
B)  Administrative 
C)  Territorial 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 12

____________________ is a macro-regional bloc where members operate a free-trade agreement between themselves and have a common trade policy for nonmembers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Customs union 
B)  Free-trade area 
C)  Common market 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Customs union 
B)  Free-trade area 
C)  Common market 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 13

Non-tariff barriers represent:

Accepted Answer

A)  Quotas 
B)  Licensing regulations 
C)  Labeling and safety requirements 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Quotas 
B)  Licensing regulations 
C)  Labeling and safety requirements 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

The hyperglobalists have created a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Free Trade Agreement in the Americas 
B)  Means for strengthening the influence of states in a globalized world 
C)  Powerful popular discourse surrounding the end of the state as an institution of political-economic governance 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Free Trade Agreement in the Americas 
B)  Means for strengthening the influence of states in a globalized world 
C)  Powerful popular discourse surrounding the end of the state as an institution of political-economic governance 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

The provision of public goods and services is often seen as a __________________ investment for individual private firms.

Accepted Answer

A)  Secure 
B)  Profitable 
C)  Lucrative 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Secure 
B)  Profitable 
C)  Lucrative 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 16

In neoliberal states, government institutions seek to ____________________ private firms and industries.

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide public goods and services through 
B)  Keep their distance from 
C)  Regulate 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Provide public goods and services through 
B)  Keep their distance from 
C)  Regulate 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 17

The hyperglobalist accounts argue that power has shifted from states to the giant corporations and international financial institutions that orchestrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  The provision of public goods and services 
B)  National development strategies 
C)  Global flows of capital and technology 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  The provision of public goods and services 
B)  National development strategies 
C)  Global flows of capital and technology 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

The "hollowing-out" of the state refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  How state functions are taken over by either public-private partnerships or private forms of regulation 
B)  A rise in non-state forms of economic regulation 
C)  The shift from government to governance 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  How state functions are taken over by either public-private partnerships or private forms of regulation 
B)  A rise in non-state forms of economic regulation 
C)  The shift from government to governance 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 19

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) refer to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Private enterprises that are directly owned and managed by the state 
B)  Public enterprises that are directly owned and managed by the state 
C)  Domestic enterprises that are directly owned and managed by the foreign states 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Private enterprises that are directly owned and managed by the state 
B)  Public enterprises that are directly owned and managed by the state 
C)  Domestic enterprises that are directly owned and managed by the foreign states 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

The movement from national regimes of economic governance to authority at higher geographical scales has been described as a process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Regionalization 
B)  "Spatial shuffling" 
C)  "Upscaling" 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Regionalization 
B)  "Spatial shuffling" 
C)  "Upscaling" 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Does import-substitution industrialization (ISI) represent a more likely strategy of economic development for developed or developing nations? Why is this so?

Drawing on examples from the readings, discuss three incentives that states have in engaging in bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) with one another.

Citizens are expected to work in return for state benefits as a part of:

Authoritarian states combine a highly __________________ political system with an increasingly open economic system.

While on some occasions states may choose to let struggling institutions such as banks fail--in most cases the centrality of financial flows to the wider economy means that states intervene to:

An economic-geographical reading of the role of the state in today's global economy argues that firms and markets need to be seen as engaged with the state in a ___________________ relationship.

In most cases where states actively manage trade, the result is policies that seek to stimulate exports while:

"National business systems" are another way of referring to:

___________________ levels of cross-border investments by transnational corporations have been a key element of globalization processes over the last three decades.

Welfare states are able to provide a range of national welfare services for their citizens through:

The ______________ powers of the state are being transformed by globalization processes rather than necessarily eroded.

____________________ is a macro-regional bloc where members operate a free-trade agreement between themselves and have a common trade policy for nonmembers.

Non-tariff barriers represent:

The hyperglobalists have created a:

The provision of public goods and services is often seen as a __________________ investment for individual private firms.

In neoliberal states, government institutions seek to ____________________ private firms and industries.

The hyperglobalist accounts argue that power has shifted from states to the giant corporations and international financial institutions that orchestrate:

The "hollowing-out" of the state refers to:

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) refer to:

The movement from national regimes of economic governance to authority at higher geographical scales has been described as a process of:

Thinking Geographically

The Economy: What Does It Mean

Capitalism in Motion: Why Is Economic Growth so Uneven

Environmenteconomy:

Labor Power: Can Workers Shape

Making Money: Why Has Finance

Commodity Chainswhere Does

Technological Changeis the World Getting Smaller

The Transnational Corporationhow Does the Global Firm Keep It All Together

Spaces of Salehow and Where Do We Shop

Clusterswhy Do Proximity and Place Matter

Gendered Economies: Does Gender Shape Economic Lives

Ethnic Economiesdo Cultures Have Economies

Consumptionyou Are What You Buy

Economic Geography: Intellectual Journeys and Future Horizons

Filters

Exam 4: The Statewho Runs the Economy

Does import-substitution industrialization (ISI) represent a more likely strategy of economic development for developed or developing nations? Why is this so?

Drawing on examples from the readings, discuss three incentives that states have in engaging in bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) with one another.

Citizens are expected to work in return for state benefits as a part of:

Authoritarian states combine a highly __________________ political system with an increasingly open economic system.

While on some occasions states may choose to let struggling institutions such as banks fail--in most cases the centrality of financial flows to the wider economy means that states intervene to:

An economic-geographical reading of the role of the state in today's global economy argues that firms and markets need to be seen as engaged with the state in a ___________________ relationship.

In most cases where states actively manage trade, the result is policies that seek to stimulate exports while:

"National business systems" are another way of referring to:

___________________ levels of cross-border investments by transnational corporations have been a key element of globalization processes over the last three decades.

Welfare states are able to provide a range of national welfare services for their citizens through:

The ______________ powers of the state are being transformed by globalization processes rather than necessarily eroded.

____________________ is a macro-regional bloc where members operate a free-trade agreement between themselves and have a common trade policy for nonmembers.

Non-tariff barriers represent:

The hyperglobalists have created a:

The provision of public goods and services is often seen as a __________________ investment for individual private firms.

In neoliberal states, government institutions seek to ____________________ private firms and industries.

The hyperglobalist accounts argue that power has shifted from states to the giant corporations and international financial institutions that orchestrate:

The "hollowing-out" of the state refers to:

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) refer to:

The movement from national regimes of economic governance to authority at higher geographical scales has been described as a process of:

Thinking Geographically

The Economy: What Does It Mean

Capitalism in Motion: Why Is Economic Growth so Uneven

Environmenteconomy:

Labor Power: Can Workers Shape

Making Money: Why Has Finance

Commodity Chainswhere Does

Technological Changeis the World Getting Smaller

The Transnational Corporationhow Does the Global Firm Keep It All Together

Spaces of Salehow and Where Do We Shop

Clusterswhy Do Proximity and Place Matter

Gendered Economies: Does Gender Shape Economic Lives

Ethnic Economiesdo Cultures Have Economies

Consumptionyou Are What You Buy

Economic Geography: Intellectual Journeys and Future Horizons

Filters