Question 1

Which of the factors below is not considered to be an example of a virulence factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  prodrome 
B)  leukostatin 
C)  streptokinase 
D)  adhesions 
A)  prodrome 
B)  leukostatin 
C)  streptokinase 
D)  adhesions A

Question 2

Which of the following microbes easily satisfies Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

A)  fastidious bacteria 
B)  sepsis, for which many microbes are regularly isolated 
C)  hepatitis C, for which there is no suitable animal model 
D)  plague, as it can be isolated from sick patients 
A)  fastidious bacteria 
B)  sepsis, for which many microbes are regularly isolated 
C)  hepatitis C, for which there is no suitable animal model 
D)  plague, as it can be isolated from sick patients D

Question 3

All of the following are true of most diseases caused by a fungus except

Accepted Answer

A)  fungal spores enter the body through a cut or a wound 
B)  fungi could release enzymes that attack host cells 
C)  fungi can digest and invade neighboring host cells 
D)  fungi can use its flagellum to expel tissue fluids 
A)  fungal spores enter the body through a cut or a wound 
B)  fungi could release enzymes that attack host cells 
C)  fungi can digest and invade neighboring host cells 
D)  fungi can use its flagellum to expel tissue fluids D

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct pairing of a disease with its classification?

Accepted Answer

A)  sickle cell anemia - degenerative disease 
B)  anemia - mental disease 
C)  Creutzfeldt-Jakob - mental disease 
D)  emphysema - idiopathic 
A)  sickle cell anemia - degenerative disease 
B)  anemia - mental disease 
C)  Creutzfeldt-Jakob - mental disease 
D)  emphysema - idiopathic

Question 5

Exotoxins

Accepted Answer

A)  are soluble substances secreted into host tissues 
B)  build up after antibiotic treatment 
C)  require the bacteria to die or divide 
D)  consist of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 
A)  are soluble substances secreted into host tissues 
B)  build up after antibiotic treatment 
C)  require the bacteria to die or divide 
D)  consist of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 6

The Escherichia coli strain O157:H7

Accepted Answer

A)  suggests that E. coli is a commensal 
B)  causes the common form of traveler's diarrhea 
C)  has a natural reservoir in armadillos 
D)  causes hemolytic uremic syndrome 
A)  suggests that E. coli is a commensal 
B)  causes the common form of traveler's diarrhea 
C)  has a natural reservoir in armadillos 
D)  causes hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 7

An acute disease becomes ______ when the body can not get rid of it; while a local disease becomes _______ when it disseminates into deeper organs and tissues.

Accepted Answer

A)  contagious; systemic 
B)  contagious; secondary 
C)  chronic; systemic 
D)  chronic; secondary 
A)  contagious; systemic 
B)  contagious; secondary 
C)  chronic; systemic 
D)  chronic; secondary

Question 8

Factors that improve the chances of a pathogen's ability to invade a host and cause infection are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  contagious factors 
B)  non-communicable factors 
C)  viral factors 
D)  virulence factors 
A)  contagious factors 
B)  non-communicable factors 
C)  viral factors 
D)  virulence factors

Question 9

All of the following refer to the normal microflora except

Accepted Answer

A)  no microflora is found in the fetus 
B)  resident microorganisms normally do not cause disease 
C)  some microorganisms are resident while others are transient 
D)  resident microorganisms are found in nervous system and blood 
A)  no microflora is found in the fetus 
B)  resident microorganisms normally do not cause disease 
C)  some microorganisms are resident while others are transient 
D)  resident microorganisms are found in nervous system and blood

Question 10

While infectious diseases are diseases caused by infectious agents,many diseases are classified as non-infectious even when infectious agents interact with other factors in causing the disease. Give three examples of an infectious disease interacting with a non-infectious disease and describe the relationship as to whether the infectious disease is a causative agent or a complicating factor.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Examples presented in

Question 11

What are the difficulties in demonstrating Koch's postulates for human infections? Why was it difficult to demonstrate that Leprosy or HIV satisfied Koch's Postulate?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to demonstrate Koch's po

Question 12

A disease in which the agent is acquired directly from the environment and is not transmittable is a

Accepted Answer

A)  local disease 
B)  secondary disease 
C)  noncommunicable disease 
D)  acute disease 
A)  local disease 
B)  secondary disease 
C)  noncommunicable disease 
D)  acute disease

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the relationship between hosts and microbes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  an opportunistic pathogen has a relatively low infectious dose 
B)  infection always leads to symptoms 
C)  some organisms can be pathogens and commensals 
D)  endogenous infections are caused by microbes that are endemic to environment 
A)  an opportunistic pathogen has a relatively low infectious dose 
B)  infection always leads to symptoms 
C)  some organisms can be pathogens and commensals 
D)  endogenous infections are caused by microbes that are endemic to environment

Question 14

Eradication of a given infectious disease

Accepted Answer

A)  has never been achieved 
B)  only occurs with infectious agents that are adaptable 
C)  is made easier when there is a lack of medical care 
D)  is difficult due to political, economic and scientific barriers 
A)  has never been achieved 
B)  only occurs with infectious agents that are adaptable 
C)  is made easier when there is a lack of medical care 
D)  is difficult due to political, economic and scientific barriers

Question 15

Leukocidin

Accepted Answer

A)  is an altered toxin that retains its antigenicity 
B)  is an endotoxin 
C)  is insoluble in host tissues 
D)  destroys or damages neutrophils 
A)  is an altered toxin that retains its antigenicity 
B)  is an endotoxin 
C)  is insoluble in host tissues 
D)  destroys or damages neutrophils

Question 16

Alpha-hemolysins

Accepted Answer

A)  are neurotoxins 
B)  are exotoxins 
C)  are enzymes that synthesize hemoglobin 
D)  two of the above 
A)  are neurotoxins 
B)  are exotoxins 
C)  are enzymes that synthesize hemoglobin 
D)  two of the above

Question 17

The rapid transfer of a microbial pathogen through animals of a susceptible species

Accepted Answer

A)  does not change the pathogenicity 
B)  increases its fitness in broth culture 
C)  can increase the intensity of the disease produced by that pathogen 
D)  can decrease the intensity of the disease produced by that pathogen 
A)  does not change the pathogenicity 
B)  increases its fitness in broth culture 
C)  can increase the intensity of the disease produced by that pathogen 
D)  can decrease the intensity of the disease produced by that pathogen

Question 18

What is a disease referred to when symptoms develop rapidly and it runs its course quickly?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary infection 
B)  acute infection 
C)  subacute infection 
D)  chronic infection 
A)  primary infection 
B)  acute infection 
C)  subacute infection 
D)  chronic infection

Question 19

Microbial competition

Accepted Answer

A)  explains diseases from microbes that occur after antibiotic treatment 
B)  encompasses both direct and indirect harm to the host 
C)  explains why some bacteria are harmless in one site but turn pathogenic in another 
D)  is beneficial when commensal bacteria prevent pathogens from colonizing 
A)  explains diseases from microbes that occur after antibiotic treatment 
B)  encompasses both direct and indirect harm to the host 
C)  explains why some bacteria are harmless in one site but turn pathogenic in another 
D)  is beneficial when commensal bacteria prevent pathogens from colonizing

Question 20

A viral infection that involves continued and prolonged production of viruses in a host is referred to as a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  abortive infection 
B)  productive infection 
C)  latent infection 
D)  persistent infection 
A)  abortive infection 
B)  productive infection 
C)  latent infection 
D)  persistent infection

Exam 14: Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Which of the factors below is not considered to be an example of a virulence factor?

Which of the following microbes easily satisfies Koch's postulates?

All of the following are true of most diseases caused by a fungus except

Which of the following is the correct pairing of a disease with its classification?

Exotoxins

The Escherichia coli strain O157:H7

An acute disease becomes ______ when the body can not get rid of it; while a local disease becomes _______ when it disseminates into deeper organs and tissues.

Factors that improve the chances of a pathogen's ability to invade a host and cause infection are known as:

All of the following refer to the normal microflora except

What are the difficulties in demonstrating Koch's postulates for human infections? Why was it difficult to demonstrate that Leprosy or HIV satisfied Koch's Postulate?

A disease in which the agent is acquired directly from the environment and is not transmittable is a

Which of the following statements about the relationship between hosts and microbes is true?

Eradication of a given infectious disease

Leukocidin

Alpha-hemolysins

The rapid transfer of a microbial pathogen through animals of a susceptible species

What is a disease referred to when symptoms develop rapidly and it runs its course quickly?

Microbial competition

A viral infection that involves continued and prolonged production of viruses in a host is referred to as a/an

Scope and History of Microbiology

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Microbial Genetics

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Innate Host Defenses

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Immunolgy Ii: Immunological Disorders and Tests

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, lymphatic and Systemic Disease

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

Applied Microbiology

Filters

An acute disease becomes when the body can not get rid of it; while a local disease becomes _ when it disseminates into deeper organs and tissues.