Question 1

Specific defenses

Accepted Answer

A)  function against any infectious agent 
B)  include phagocytes and interferon 
C)  include only noncellular defenses 
D)  respond to particular infectious agents 
A)  function against any infectious agent 
B)  include phagocytes and interferon 
C)  include only noncellular defenses 
D)  respond to particular infectious agents D

Question 2

A phagocyte

Accepted Answer

A)  contains phagolysosomes that fuse with a phagosome to produce a lysosome 
B)  must first adhere to an infectious agent before it can find it 
C)  in the blood include monocytes and neutrophils 
D)  refers to the oxidative chemicals that kill internalized microorganisms 
A)  contains phagolysosomes that fuse with a phagosome to produce a lysosome 
B)  must first adhere to an infectious agent before it can find it 
C)  in the blood include monocytes and neutrophils 
D)  refers to the oxidative chemicals that kill internalized microorganisms C

Question 3

You receive a cut on your foot. What are the four characteristic signs of inflammation you would expect to see? How would an inflammatory response develop against bacteria that enter the cut?

Accepted Answer

An inflammatory response is characterized by localized increased temperature,redness,swelling and pain. The acute inflammation is initiated by histamine released by damaged tissues,which causes vasodilation (redness)and increases permeability of blood vessels (swelling). Also cytokines are released; blood clots and bradykinin/prostaglandins are released. The inflamed tissue would stimulate an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood. Neutrophils and macrophages migrate from the blood to the site of injury. Leukocytes and macrophages phagocytize microbes at the site. Later in the process the adaptive defenses would form a second line of defense against the bacteria.

Question 4

The binding and coating of the surfaces of invading microbes by either antibodies or C3b is

Accepted Answer

A)  aided by the release of cytokines by phagocytes 
B)  necessary for phagocytosis of all microbes 
C)  called oposonization 
D)  responsible for the direct lysis of invading microrganisms 
A)  aided by the release of cytokines by phagocytes 
B)  necessary for phagocytosis of all microbes 
C)  called oposonization 
D)  responsible for the direct lysis of invading microrganisms

Question 5

What chemical substance diffuses into venules and capillaries causing their vasodilation during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  bradykinin 
B)  antibradykinin 
C)  histamine 
D)  antihistamine 
A)  bradykinin 
B)  antibradykinin 
C)  histamine 
D)  antihistamine

Question 6

Granulocytes include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  basophils 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  eosinophils 
A)  basophils 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  eosinophils

Question 7

Tissue debris,remains of digested microorganisms,injured cells and dead phagocytes are the content of

Accepted Answer

A)  pus 
B)  plasma 
C)  opsonin 
D)  tonsils 
A)  pus 
B)  plasma 
C)  opsonin 
D)  tonsils

Question 8

An accumulation of pus in a cavity formed by damaged tissue

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs during chronic inflammatory process 
B)  represents unencapsulated areas of lymphocytes 
C)  accounts for redness and increased tissue temperature 
D)  is known as an abscess 
A)  occurs during chronic inflammatory process 
B)  represents unencapsulated areas of lymphocytes 
C)  accounts for redness and increased tissue temperature 
D)  is known as an abscess

Question 9

Which of the following is not a chemical barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  mucous membrane 
B)  saliva 
C)  gastric juice 
D)  complement 
A)  mucous membrane 
B)  saliva 
C)  gastric juice 
D)  complement

Question 10

What area of the body is drained by the right lymphatic duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  upper right torso 
B)  right leg 
C)  left leg 
D)  upper left torso 
A)  upper right torso 
B)  right leg 
C)  left leg 
D)  upper left torso

Question 11

Defensins

Accepted Answer

A)  are located within the lysosomal vesicles of phagocytes 
B)  are enzymes secreted by natural killer cells 
C)  defend against parasitic worms 
D)  are receptors for distinguishing between microorganisms 
A)  are located within the lysosomal vesicles of phagocytes 
B)  are enzymes secreted by natural killer cells 
C)  defend against parasitic worms 
D)  are receptors for distinguishing between microorganisms

Question 12

Heat,pain,redness and swelling are symptoms of:

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis 
B)  immune cytolysis 
C)  inflammation 
D)  leukocytosis 
A)  phagocytosis 
B)  immune cytolysis 
C)  inflammation 
D)  leukocytosis

Question 13

What is the fragile,reddish,grainy tissue that is typically observed in cut tissue and consists of capillaries and fibroblasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  gut-associated lymphoid tissue 
B)  granulation tissue 
C)  granuloma 
D)  granulocytes 
A)  gut-associated lymphoid tissue 
B)  granulation tissue 
C)  granuloma 
D)  granulocytes

Question 14

The process whereby immune cells leave the blood by passing between the endothelial cells that line blood vessels is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytosis 
B)  phagocytosis 
C)  specific defenses 
D)  diapedesis 
A)  leukocytosis 
B)  phagocytosis 
C)  specific defenses 
D)  diapedesis

Question 15

What occurs in a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph moves in two directions 
B)  lymph enters sinuses where there are aggregations of B cells 
C)  bacteria are removed by phagocytes and the adaptive immune response is initiated 
D)  only lymphocytes flow through the lymph nodes therefore they are not a site of infection 
A)  lymph moves in two directions 
B)  lymph enters sinuses where there are aggregations of B cells 
C)  bacteria are removed by phagocytes and the adaptive immune response is initiated 
D)  only lymphocytes flow through the lymph nodes therefore they are not a site of infection

Question 16

The inflammatory condition resulting from an infectious agent continuously producing tissue damage is:

Accepted Answer

A)  granulated inflammation 
B)  acute inflammation 
C)  chronic inflammation 
D)  edema 
A)  granulated inflammation 
B)  acute inflammation 
C)  chronic inflammation 
D)  edema

Question 17

The classical pathway of complement activation involves which of the following proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  C1, C4 and C2 
B)  C3 only 
C)  factor B 
D)  factor D and factor D 
A)  C1, C4 and C2 
B)  C3 only 
C)  factor B 
D)  factor D and factor D

Question 18

Which statement about chemical barriers is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  high salt content of sweat inhibits the growth of bacteria 
B)  chemical barriers include mechanisms to limit free iron 
C)  secreted defensins form pores in microbes' membranes 
D)  chemical barriers include acute phase proteins and interferons 
A)  high salt content of sweat inhibits the growth of bacteria 
B)  chemical barriers include mechanisms to limit free iron 
C)  secreted defensins form pores in microbes' membranes 
D)  chemical barriers include acute phase proteins and interferons

Question 19

Macrophages include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  wandering macrophages 
B)  cells that phagocytise large debris 
C)  the fastest phagocytes to reach an infection site 
D)  histiocytes, kupffer cells and osteoclasts 
A)  wandering macrophages 
B)  cells that phagocytise large debris 
C)  the fastest phagocytes to reach an infection site 
D)  histiocytes, kupffer cells and osteoclasts

Question 20

The largest lymphatic organ that engulfs worn-out blood cells and microorganisms is

Accepted Answer

A)  the heart 
B)  a lymph node 
C)  the spleen 
D)  the thymus gland 
A)  the heart 
B)  a lymph node 
C)  the spleen 
D)  the thymus gland

Exam 16: Innate Host Defenses

Specific defenses

A phagocyte

You receive a cut on your foot. What are the four characteristic signs of inflammation you would expect to see? How would an inflammatory response develop against bacteria that enter the cut?

The binding and coating of the surfaces of invading microbes by either antibodies or C3b is

What chemical substance diffuses into venules and capillaries causing their vasodilation during inflammation?

Granulocytes include all of the following except

Tissue debris,remains of digested microorganisms,injured cells and dead phagocytes are the content of

An accumulation of pus in a cavity formed by damaged tissue

Which of the following is not a chemical barrier?

What area of the body is drained by the right lymphatic duct?

Defensins

Heat,pain,redness and swelling are symptoms of:

What is the fragile,reddish,grainy tissue that is typically observed in cut tissue and consists of capillaries and fibroblasts?

The process whereby immune cells leave the blood by passing between the endothelial cells that line blood vessels is known as:

What occurs in a lymph node?

The inflammatory condition resulting from an infectious agent continuously producing tissue damage is:

The classical pathway of complement activation involves which of the following proteins?

Which statement about chemical barriers is false?

Macrophages include all of the following except

The largest lymphatic organ that engulfs worn-out blood cells and microorganisms is

Scope and History of Microbiology

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Microbial Genetics

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Immunolgy Ii: Immunological Disorders and Tests

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, lymphatic and Systemic Disease

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

Applied Microbiology

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