Question 1

Cardiac tamponade can:

Accepted Answer

A)  result from the accumulation of fluid or exudate in the pericardial sac. 
B)  lead to compromised cardiac output. 
C)  be easily detected on the ECG. 
D)  result from the accumulation of fluid or exudate in the pericardial sac and lead to compromised cardiac output. 
A)  result from the accumulation of fluid or exudate in the pericardial sac. 
B)  lead to compromised cardiac output. 
C)  be easily detected on the ECG. 
D)  result from the accumulation of fluid or exudate in the pericardial sac and lead to compromised cardiac output. D

Question 2

Hyperkalemia generates a progression of changes in the ECG that can end in:

Accepted Answer

A)  bradycardia. 
B)  Torsades de pointes. 
C)  ventricular fibrillation and death. 
D)  decreased cardiac contraction. 
A)  bradycardia. 
B)  Torsades de pointes. 
C)  ventricular fibrillation and death. 
D)  decreased cardiac contraction. A

Question 3

Key ECG characteristics of hypokalemia include:

Accepted Answer

A)  ST segment elevation. 
B)  elevation of the T wave. 
C)  appearance of U waves. 
D)  1st-degree AV heart block. 
A)  ST segment elevation. 
B)  elevation of the T wave. 
C)  appearance of U waves. 
D)  1st-degree AV heart block. C

Question 4

Digoxin:

Accepted Answer

A)  accelerates the heart rate and AV conduction. 
B)  slows the influx of sodium while allowing a greater influx of calcium. 
C)  has a wide therapeutic margin. 
D)  is excreted from the body quickly. 
A)  accelerates the heart rate and AV conduction. 
B)  slows the influx of sodium while allowing a greater influx of calcium. 
C)  has a wide therapeutic margin. 
D)  is excreted from the body quickly.

Question 5

The most common dysrhythmia seen with digoxin toxicity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  atrial flutter. 
B)  3rd - degree AV block with a slow ventricular escape. 
C)  atrial fibrillation. 
D)  paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with 2nd-degree AV heart block. 
A)  atrial flutter. 
B)  3rd - degree AV block with a slow ventricular escape. 
C)  atrial fibrillation. 
D)  paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with 2nd-degree AV heart block.

Question 6

Digoxin produces a characteristic:

Accepted Answer

A)  gradual downward curve of the ST segment. 
B)  notching of the P waves. 
C)  prolongation of the QT interval. 
D)  delta wave. 
A)  gradual downward curve of the ST segment. 
B)  notching of the P waves. 
C)  prolongation of the QT interval. 
D)  delta wave.

Question 7

Pericardial effusion is a buildup of an excessive amount of fluid in the plural space.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Torsades de pointes is seen in patients with prolonged QT intervals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Pericarditis can mimic the symptoms seen with myocardial infarction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Increases or decreases in the potassium and calcium serum levels have little effect on the ECG.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Pericarditis produces chest pain that:

Accepted Answer

A)  is located substernal. 
B)  is dull and aching. 
C)  worsens with movement, particularly when the patient is sitting up. 
D)  eases with inspiration. 
A)  is located substernal. 
B)  is dull and aching. 
C)  worsens with movement, particularly when the patient is sitting up. 
D)  eases with inspiration.

Question 12

Calcium channel blockers primarily block the:

Accepted Answer

A)  SA node. 
B)  ventricles. 
C)  AV node. 
D)  bundle branches. 
A)  SA node. 
B)  ventricles. 
C)  AV node. 
D)  bundle branches.

Question 13

The most common causes of pericarditis are:

Accepted Answer

A)  viral and bacterial infections. 
B)  uremia and renal failure. 
C)  cancer and MI. 
D)  rheumatic fever and connective tissue disease. 
A)  viral and bacterial infections. 
B)  uremia and renal failure. 
C)  cancer and MI. 
D)  rheumatic fever and connective tissue disease.

Question 14

Right heart failure that results from a pulmonary embolism is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  acute cor pulmonale 
B)  plural effusion 
C)  P mitrale 
D)  cardiac tamponade 
A)  acute cor pulmonale 
B)  plural effusion 
C)  P mitrale 
D)  cardiac tamponade

Question 15

In the case of a minimal or small pulmonary embolism, the ECG is usually normal, or it may show a sinus tachycardia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Electrical alternans is a condition in which the QRS complexes:

Accepted Answer

A)  are biphasic. 
B)  become taller and wider. 
C)  change in height with each successive beat. 
D)  flatten. 
A)  are biphasic. 
B)  become taller and wider. 
C)  change in height with each successive beat. 
D)  flatten.

Question 17

Initially with pericarditis, the T wave is upright and may be elevated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In hyperkalemia, T wave peaking begins as the potassium level starts to rise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Hypocalcemia _______ the QT interval while hypercalcemia ______ it.

Accepted Answer

A)  prolongs, shortens 
B)  doesn't affect, prolongs 
C)  shortens, doesn't affect 
D)  shortens, prolongs 
A)  prolongs, shortens 
B)  doesn't affect, prolongs 
C)  shortens, doesn't affect 
D)  shortens, prolongs

Question 20

The S1 Q3 T3 pattern reflects:

Accepted Answer

A)  A small S wave in lead I 
B)  a deep Q wave in lead III 
C)  an peaked T wave in lead III 
D)  an symmetrical T wave in lead I 
A)  A small S wave in lead I 
B)  a deep Q wave in lead III 
C)  an peaked T wave in lead III 
D)  an symmetrical T wave in lead I

Exam 21: Other Cardiac Conditions and the ECG

Cardiac tamponade can:

Hyperkalemia generates a progression of changes in the ECG that can end in:

Key ECG characteristics of hypokalemia include:

Digoxin:

The most common dysrhythmia seen with digoxin toxicity is:

Digoxin produces a characteristic:

Pericardial effusion is a buildup of an excessive amount of fluid in the plural space.

Torsades de pointes is seen in patients with prolonged QT intervals.

Pericarditis can mimic the symptoms seen with myocardial infarction.

Increases or decreases in the potassium and calcium serum levels have little effect on the ECG.

Pericarditis produces chest pain that:

Calcium channel blockers primarily block the:

The most common causes of pericarditis are:

Right heart failure that results from a pulmonary embolism is referred to as:

In the case of a minimal or small pulmonary embolism, the ECG is usually normal, or it may show a sinus tachycardia.

Electrical alternans is a condition in which the QRS complexes:

Initially with pericarditis, the T wave is upright and may be elevated.

In hyperkalemia, T wave peaking begins as the potassium level starts to rise.

Hypocalcemia _______ the QT interval while hypercalcemia ______ it.

The S1 Q3 T3 pattern reflects:

Anatomy and Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Electrocardiogram

Analyzing the Electrocardiogram

Heart Rate

Regularity

P-Waves

QRS Complexes

PR Intervals

ST Segments, T-Waves, QT Intervals, and U-Waves

Overview of Dysrhythmias

Origin and Clinical Aspects of Sinus Node Dysrhythmias

Origin and Clinical Aspects of Atrial Dysrhythmias

Origin and Clinical Aspects of Junctional Dysrhythmias

Origin and Clinical Aspects of Ventricular Dysrhythmias

Origin and Clinical Aspects of AV Heart Blocks

Pacemakers and Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators

12 Lead ECGS

Atrial Enlargement and Ventricular Hypertrophy

Bundle Branch Block

Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction

Putting It All Together

Filters

Hypocalcemia _ the QT interval while hypercalcemia it.