Question 1

During the absolute refractory period a sufficiently strong stimulus will depolarize the myocardium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Cardiac output is the equivalent of the ________ multiplied by the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral resistance, blood pressure 
B)  blood pressure, stroke volume 
C)  heart rate, peripheral resistance 
D)  heart rate, stroke volume 
A)  peripheral resistance, blood pressure 
B)  blood pressure, stroke volume 
C)  heart rate, peripheral resistance 
D)  heart rate, stroke volume D

Question 3

The bundle of His:

Accepted Answer

A)  passes from the walls of the right atria through a small opening in the fibrous skeleton to reach the interventricular septum. 
B)  divides into the anterior fascicle and the posterior fascicle in the interventricular septum. 
C)  extends beneath the endocardium on either side of the interventricular septum to the apex of each ventricle. 
D)  has an intrinsic rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute. 
A)  passes from the walls of the right atria through a small opening in the fibrous skeleton to reach the interventricular septum. 
B)  divides into the anterior fascicle and the posterior fascicle in the interventricular septum. 
C)  extends beneath the endocardium on either side of the interventricular septum to the apex of each ventricle. 
D)  has an intrinsic rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute. A

Question 4

The electrical event that normally initiates the heartbeat is produced by a group of specialized electrical tissues called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B)  atrioventricular (AV) node 
C)  Bundle of His 
D)  Purkinje fibers 
A)  sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B)  atrioventricular (AV) node 
C)  Bundle of His 
D)  Purkinje fibers

Question 5

The P wave represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  the rapid conduction of the impulse through the bundle of His, the left and right bundle branches and the terminal Purkinje fibers. 
B)  the delay in conduction as it passes through the AV node. 
C)  an absence of electrical activity. 
D)  initiation of the impulse in the SA node and its conduction across the atria, and through the intranodal pathways to the AV node. 
A)  the rapid conduction of the impulse through the bundle of His, the left and right bundle branches and the terminal Purkinje fibers. 
B)  the delay in conduction as it passes through the AV node. 
C)  an absence of electrical activity. 
D)  initiation of the impulse in the SA node and its conduction across the atria, and through the intranodal pathways to the AV node.

Question 6

The sac that surrounds the heart:

Accepted Answer

A)  Is called the mediastinum. 
B)  Is a thick, single-walled closed sac. 
C)  Allows the heart to contract and expand within the chest cavity with minimal friction. 
D)  Has tough fibrous outer layer called the visceral pericardium and an inner, thin transparent lining called the fibrous pericardium. 
A)  Is called the mediastinum. 
B)  Is a thick, single-walled closed sac. 
C)  Allows the heart to contract and expand within the chest cavity with minimal friction. 
D)  Has tough fibrous outer layer called the visceral pericardium and an inner, thin transparent lining called the fibrous pericardium.

Question 7

Which of the following is found on the outside of resting or polarized cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  a high concentration of negatively charged ions, proteins and organelles 
B)  a negative electrical charge 
C)  a high concentration of positively charged ions 
D)  an electrical charge that is the same as inside the cell 
A)  a high concentration of negatively charged ions, proteins and organelles 
B)  a negative electrical charge 
C)  a high concentration of positively charged ions 
D)  an electrical charge that is the same as inside the cell

Question 8

Baroreceptors are responsible for:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensing changes in the chemical composition of the blood. 
B)  identifying changes in pressure, usually within the heart or the main arteries. 
C)  releasing hormones or neurotransmitters into the bloodstream to correct heart rate abnormalities 
D)  controlling the amount of blood returning to the heart from the venous circulation. 
A)  sensing changes in the chemical composition of the blood. 
B)  identifying changes in pressure, usually within the heart or the main arteries. 
C)  releasing hormones or neurotransmitters into the bloodstream to correct heart rate abnormalities 
D)  controlling the amount of blood returning to the heart from the venous circulation.

Question 9

A normal ECG tracing on the cardiac monitor tells us the heart is contracting and producing a blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Regulation of the heart rate, speed of electrical conduction and strength of contraction are influenced by the brain via the _____ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomic 
B)  central 
C)  somatic 
D)  voluntary 
A)  autonomic 
B)  central 
C)  somatic 
D)  voluntary

Question 11

Which of the following is correct regarding the position of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lies on the diaphragm to the right of the trachea, esophagus and thoracic vertebrae. 
B)  About two thirds of the heart is situated in the right side of the chest cavity. 
C)  Its apex is directed posteriorly and slightly superiorly at the level of the second intercostal space. 
D)  It is located between the two lungs in the mediastinum behind the sternum. 
A)  It lies on the diaphragm to the right of the trachea, esophagus and thoracic vertebrae. 
B)  About two thirds of the heart is situated in the right side of the chest cavity. 
C)  Its apex is directed posteriorly and slightly superiorly at the level of the second intercostal space. 
D)  It is located between the two lungs in the mediastinum behind the sternum.

Question 12

Structurally, the working myocardial cells are:

Accepted Answer

A)  cylindrical, branching and contain many nuclei located throughout. 
B)  enclosed in a plasma membrane called a contractile element. 
C)  made up of a small latticework of intricate strands composed of two protein filaments referred to as actin and myosin. 
D)  supplied with energy by the desmosomes which are interspersed within the cell. 
A)  cylindrical, branching and contain many nuclei located throughout. 
B)  enclosed in a plasma membrane called a contractile element. 
C)  made up of a small latticework of intricate strands composed of two protein filaments referred to as actin and myosin. 
D)  supplied with energy by the desmosomes which are interspersed within the cell.

Question 13

The heart receives most of its blood supply via the ______ arteries.

Accepted Answer

A)  coronary 
B)  pulmonary 
C)  cerebral 
D)  renal 
A)  coronary 
B)  pulmonary 
C)  cerebral 
D)  renal

Question 14

Automaticity is the ability of certain myocardial cells to:

Accepted Answer

A)  produce electrical activity (action potential) without the need for outside nerve stimulation. 
B)  respond to an electrical stimulus. 
C)  transmit an electrical stimulus from cell to cell throughout the myocardium. 
D)  contract when stimulated by an electrical impulse. 
A)  produce electrical activity (action potential) without the need for outside nerve stimulation. 
B)  respond to an electrical stimulus. 
C)  transmit an electrical stimulus from cell to cell throughout the myocardium. 
D)  contract when stimulated by an electrical impulse.

Question 15

The cardioaccelerator center:

Accepted Answer

A)  is located in the cortex of the brain. 
B)  is part of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
C)  is part of the sympathetic nervous system. 
D)  transmits signals to the heart by way of the vagus nerves. 
A)  is located in the cortex of the brain. 
B)  is part of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
C)  is part of the sympathetic nervous system. 
D)  transmits signals to the heart by way of the vagus nerves.

Question 16

Which of the following are primarily responsible for initiating electrical charges?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca++). 
B)  Glucose and proteins. 
C)  Calcium (Ca++) and potassium (K+) 
D)  Actin and myosin 
A)  Sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca++). 
B)  Glucose and proteins. 
C)  Calcium (Ca++) and potassium (K+) 
D)  Actin and myosin

Question 17

The electrocardiogram:

Accepted Answer

A)  is referred to as an ECC. 
B)  detects and records the heart's electrical activity. 
C)  is a graphic representation of the heart's electrical activity. 
D)  measures the heart's cardiac output. 
A)  is referred to as an ECC. 
B)  detects and records the heart's electrical activity. 
C)  is a graphic representation of the heart's electrical activity. 
D)  measures the heart's cardiac output.

Question 18

The thickest layer of the heart is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  pericardium, the outermost layer, which is a fibrous membrane. 
B)  myocardium, the middle layer, which is the muscular layer. 
C)  endocardium, the outermost layer, which is the smooth outer surface of the heart. 
D)  epicardium, the innermost layer, which is watertight and prevents leakage of blood out into the other layers. 
A)  pericardium, the outermost layer, which is a fibrous membrane. 
B)  myocardium, the middle layer, which is the muscular layer. 
C)  endocardium, the outermost layer, which is the smooth outer surface of the heart. 
D)  epicardium, the innermost layer, which is watertight and prevents leakage of blood out into the other layers.

Question 19

The AV node:

Accepted Answer

A)  is located high on the posterior wall of the right atrium. 
B)  is the only pathway for impulses to move from the atria to the ventricles. 
C)  conducts the impulse more quickly than the remainder of the conduction system. 
D)  has an intrinsic rate of 20 to 40 beats per minute. 
A)  is located high on the posterior wall of the right atrium. 
B)  is the only pathway for impulses to move from the atria to the ventricles. 
C)  conducts the impulse more quickly than the remainder of the conduction system. 
D)  has an intrinsic rate of 20 to 40 beats per minute.

Question 20

Positively charged ions such as potassium leaving the cell causing the positive charge to lower is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization. 
B)  polarized state. 
C)  afterpolarization. 
D)  repolarization. 
A)  depolarization. 
B)  polarized state. 
C)  afterpolarization. 
D)  repolarization.

Exam 1: Anatomy and Electrophysiology of the Heart

During the absolute refractory period a sufficiently strong stimulus will depolarize the myocardium.

Cardiac output is the equivalent of the ________ multiplied by the __________.

The bundle of His:

The electrical event that normally initiates the heartbeat is produced by a group of specialized electrical tissues called the:

The P wave represents:

The sac that surrounds the heart:

Which of the following is found on the outside of resting or polarized cells?

Baroreceptors are responsible for:

A normal ECG tracing on the cardiac monitor tells us the heart is contracting and producing a blood pressure.

Regulation of the heart rate, speed of electrical conduction and strength of contraction are influenced by the brain via the _____ nervous system.

Which of the following is correct regarding the position of the heart?

Structurally, the working myocardial cells are:

The heart receives most of its blood supply via the ______ arteries.

Automaticity is the ability of certain myocardial cells to:

The cardioaccelerator center:

Which of the following are primarily responsible for initiating electrical charges?

The electrocardiogram:

The thickest layer of the heart is the:

The AV node:

Positively charged ions such as potassium leaving the cell causing the positive charge to lower is called:

The Electrocardiogram

Analyzing the Electrocardiogram

Heart Rate

Regularity

P-Waves

QRS Complexes

PR Intervals

ST Segments, T-Waves, QT Intervals, and U-Waves

Overview of Dysrhythmias

Origin and Clinical Aspects of Sinus Node Dysrhythmias

Origin and Clinical Aspects of Atrial Dysrhythmias

Origin and Clinical Aspects of Junctional Dysrhythmias

Origin and Clinical Aspects of Ventricular Dysrhythmias

Origin and Clinical Aspects of AV Heart Blocks

Pacemakers and Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators

12 Lead ECGS

Atrial Enlargement and Ventricular Hypertrophy

Bundle Branch Block

Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction

Other Cardiac Conditions and the ECG

Putting It All Together

Filters

Cardiac output is the equivalent of the multiplied by the __.