Exam 4: Basic Principles of Health Care and the Nature of Rights in Ethical Discourse

Explain how the principle of informed consent is derived from the basic principle of autonomy.

Rights in moral philosophy and legal theory are thought of as ____________________ claims.

List three positive rights and three negative rights that you have as a citizen of the United States.

Match each principle to the definition listed below. -A claim that does not create obligation

Match each principle to the definition listed below. -The concept that requires fairness in the processes that resolve disputes and allocate resources

In the Tuskegee case study, it is clear that many, if not all, of the basic principles were compromised by the research. The research was continued for decades, with many physicians coming and going from the process. The one person who continued from start to finish was the nurse, Eunice Rivers. In that she obviously acted under direct orders of the physicians, is her conduct subject to ethical censure? Explain your answer.

Distribution of scarce resources requires evaluating the process using the principle of distributive ____________________.

Match each principle to the definition listed below. -When one person has a right, others have obligations to either refrain from hindrance or provide the required goods and services associated with the right

The principle that is most closely associated with the practice of informed consent is ____________________.

Match each principle to the definition listed below. -The belief that one should, on the basis of doing good for the patient, limit the patient's personal autonomy

The principle of autonomy deals with the right of the patient to self-determination. The need for informed consent flows directly from this principle. Explain what you would do if the patient, using the right to self-determination, demanded that he did not want to know.

Veracity, which means to tell the truth, is an important principle in health care ethics. Explain the harmful effects to the health care process when either the patient or practitioner lies.

Some health care specialties such as nursing have patient advocacy as a high priority of their practice. What basic principles are supported by the adoption of patient advocacy as a major priority?

____________________ is seen in practices such as benevolent deception, where the practitioner intentionally withholds information from the patient, based on the feeling that the information will somehow hurt the patient.

Assume that appropriate information had been provided to the patient. The health care providers are certain that the best choice for therapy is A, while the patient wants to choose another therapy, B, which has been shown to be ineffective. Who makes the decision and why? Can the patient make the decision to have ineffective therapy? Defend your answer.

Differentiate among compensatory, retributive, procedural, and distributive justice.

"Nurses should practice nursing and allied health specialists should only practice within their specialty areas" is an application of the basic principle of ____________________.

The controversy over whether the U.S. government should pay for legal abortions is based on the difference between positive and negative rights. State the difference between the positive and negative rights and explain your answer.

Clients have a right to believe that health care professionals are struggling incessantly on their behalf. This is an application of the ____________________ principle.

Match each principle to the definition listed below. -A power, privilege, or immunity guaranteed under a constitution, statutes, or decisional law