Exam 8: The Age of Enlightenment

The outlines of most of the major European states had emerged by 1740. How did the rulers of those political entities pursue the goals of enlightened despotism in the eighteenth century?

Edmund Burke, who virtually founded modern philosophical conservatism, favored

The Enlightenment of the eighteenth century referred to

What was the greatest defect of the pre-1795 Polish state? Using another seventeenth- or eighteenth-century European state as a model, explain how this defect could have been remedied (or explain why it was irremediable).

What were the practical motivations behind the attempts of monarchs to pursue the goals of enlightened despotism in the eighteenth century?

Frederick the Great did all of the following except

How and why did "public opinion" emerge in the eighteenth century? To whom did the "public" refer?

How did the ethnic composition of Poland present an obstacle to reform efforts and the establishment of an effective Polish movement?

During the eighteenth century, "enlightened" people typically imagined God as

Voltaire's famous polemical slogan, "É crasez l'infâ me!" or "Crush the infamous things," referred _to

Discuss the response of Great Britain to the ideas of the Enlightenment.

The great French Encyclopédie, completed between 1751 and 1772,

All of the following characterize Enlightenment thought except

In what sense was the eighteenth century an age of faith as well as an age of reason?