Exam 1: The History of Crime and Corrections

Who among the following concluded that criminals had traits that made them throwbacks to earlier stages of evolution?

During the 1950s, the rehabilitation of offenders replaced punishment as the penal system's primary objective.

________ is defined as the range of community and institutional sanctions, treatment programs, and services for managing criminal offenders.

Match the sentencing goal with its appropriate definition. -Restitution

Compare the Classical and Positive Schools of criminology in regard to explaining crime.

The number of offenders on probation, in prison, and on parole has decreased significantly between 1980 and 2015.

Which of the following was a problem with the Pennsylvania system? I. It had low productivity. II. It was expensive. III. It made inmates mentally ill.

What is the hands-off doctrine?

General deterrence presumes that others in society will not commit crimes because they see that there is a punishment for such acts, and that individuals receive the prescribed punishments.

The three governmental levels of correctional systems are ________, state, and local.

What did the Quakers' criminal code include?

Which correctional era advocated an environment that emphasized reformation, education, and vocational programs, and focused offenders' attention on the future?

What is specific deterrence?

________ is the correctional goal emphasizing the infliction of pain or suffering.

The hands-off doctrine restricted ________ intervention in the operation of prisons and the judgment of correctional administrators.

Match the sentencing goal with its appropriate definition. -Rehabilitation

Restorative justice models of sentencing shift the focus away from reactive, punishment-oriented sentencing.

The idea that the main objective of an intelligent person is to achieve the most pleasure and the least pain is the basis of the concept of ________ calculus.

The Retributive Era is a return to the Positive School of criminality, in which offenders have free choice to commit their crimes.

Which of the following is based on the belief that criminals do NOT have complete choice over their criminal actions and may commit acts that are beyond their control?