Exam 1: The History of Crime and Corrections

The effect of punishment on an individual offender that prevents that person from committing future crimes is called ________ deterrence.

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, England removed criminals from society by sending them to its colonies through ________.

There is a large numerical difference between the number of crimes reported and the number of offenders convicted and facing any specific correctional sanction.

Whose efforts in jail reform led to the passing of the Penitentiary Act in 1779?

The amount of money directed to criminal justice agencies has decreased greatly in recent years.

Which early colonial bail system enabled rich offenders to pay a fee and be released?

Most offenders are sentenced to probation and supervised in the community by probation or parole officers.

Compare the Pennsylvania System versus Auburn System.

The state of Pennsylvania's first two prisons were the Western State Penitentiary and the ________ State Penitentiary.

The Walnut Street jail had the reformation of the offender as its primary objective.

Match the sentencing goal with its appropriate definition. -Incapacitation

________ is the existence of features common in the early stages of human evolution, and implies that criminals are born, and criminal behavior is predetermined.

What is defined as a legislative authorization to provide a specific range of punishment for a specific crime?

Match the sentencing goal with its appropriate definition. -Retribution

Enforced idleness, lack of professional programs, and excessive size and overcrowding of prisons is characteristic of the Period of ________.

Match the sentencing goal with its appropriate definition. -Deterrence

Under the medical model, offenders were believed to be "sick," inflicted with problems that caused their criminality.

The ________ model is a theory of corrections based on the belief that offenders were sick and needed to be diagnosed and treated.

How did the Martinson review affect the perception of corrections on society?

The ________ Prison Era, from 1910 to 1935, emphasized manufacture of products by inmates and aimed at making prisons self-sustaining.