Question 1

Self-reports __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  use a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participant's point of view 
B)  describe the entire stream of behavior-everything said and done over a certain time period 
C)  range from relatively unstructured interviews to highly structured interviews, questionnaires, and tests 
D)  bring together a wide range of information on one person, including interviews, observations, and test scores 
A)  use a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participant's point of view 
B)  describe the entire stream of behavior-everything said and done over a certain time period 
C)  range from relatively unstructured interviews to highly structured interviews, questionnaires, and tests 
D)  bring together a wide range of information on one person, including interviews, observations, and test scores C

Question 2

Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen laid the modern foundations for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethology 
B)  social learning theory 
C)  psychoanalytic theory 
D)  cognitive-developmental theory 
A)  ethology 
B)  social learning theory 
C)  psychoanalytic theory 
D)  cognitive-developmental theory A

Question 3

According to Jean Piaget,__________ is the balance between internal structures and information that children encounter in their everyday worlds.

Accepted Answer

A)  imitation 
B)  adaptation 
C)  cognition 
D)  equilibrium 
A)  imitation 
B)  adaptation 
C)  cognition 
D)  equilibrium D

Question 4

Dr.Wu observes children's responses to bullying by watching them play in a park.This is an example of a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ethnographic study 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  structured observation 
D)  clinical interview 
A)  ethnographic study 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  structured observation 
D)  clinical interview

Question 5

In a historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert,John Watson demonstrated that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  children cannot be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus 
B)  infants as young as a few months old will repeat a behavior to obtain a desirable reward 
C)  children can be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus 
D)  children have an innate, inborn fear of rats 
A)  children cannot be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus 
B)  infants as young as a few months old will repeat a behavior to obtain a desirable reward 
C)  children can be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus 
D)  children have an innate, inborn fear of rats

Question 6

The discontinuous view of development holds that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  infants and preschoolers respond to the world in much the same way as adults do 
B)  growth is the process of gradually augmenting the skills that were present from the beginning 
C)  infants and children have unique ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving 
D)  development is a smooth process limited only by a lack of information and precision 
A)  infants and preschoolers respond to the world in much the same way as adults do 
B)  growth is the process of gradually augmenting the skills that were present from the beginning 
C)  infants and children have unique ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving 
D)  development is a smooth process limited only by a lack of information and precision

Question 7

To overcome some of the limitations of traditional developmental designs,investigators sometimes use __________ designs,in which they conduct several similar cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.

Accepted Answer

A)  sequential 
B)  experimental 
C)  correlational 
D)  quasi-experimental 
A)  sequential 
B)  experimental 
C)  correlational 
D)  quasi-experimental

Question 8

Describe the exosystem as it exists in Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.

Accepted Answer

According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecolo

Question 9

By using __________ assignment of participants to treatment conditions,investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  sequential 
B)  random 
C)  systematic 
D)  correlational 
A)  sequential 
B)  random 
C)  systematic 
D)  correlational

Question 10

Which major theory of human development emphasizes plasticity at all ages?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic perspective 
B)  ethology 
C)  evolutionary developmental psychology 
D)  lifespan perspective 
A)  psychoanalytic perspective 
B)  ethology 
C)  evolutionary developmental psychology 
D)  lifespan perspective

Question 11

Dr.Dias's research shows that the death of a spouse in old age is correlated with a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.Which conclusion is supported by this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partner's physical health. 
B)  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partner's physical health. 
C)  A decline in a surviving partner's physical health can cause the death of a spouse. 
D)  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partner's decline in physical health following the death of a spouse. 
A)  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partner's physical health. 
B)  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partner's physical health. 
C)  A decline in a surviving partner's physical health can cause the death of a spouse. 
D)  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partner's decline in physical health following the death of a spouse.

Question 12

Theorists who contend that powerful negative events in the first few years cannot be fully overcome by later,more positive ones emphasize __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasticity 
B)  stability 
C)  nurture 
D)  discontinuity 
A)  plasticity 
B)  stability 
C)  nurture 
D)  discontinuity

Question 13

Cindy tells her daughter,"I know you can do a good job on that homework" because she believes that if she encourages persistence,her daughter will start to view herself as hardworking and high-achieving.Cindy is applying the __________ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior modification 
B)  psychosocial 
C)  cognitive-developmental 
D)  social-cognitive 
A)  behavior modification 
B)  psychosocial 
C)  cognitive-developmental 
D)  social-cognitive

Question 14

Although Justin spent his first 18 months in an orphanage,his adoptive mother believes that sensitive caregiving will help Justin overcome his early experiences.Justin's mother emphasizes the role of __________ in development.

Accepted Answer

A)  nurture 
B)  stages 
C)  stability 
D)  nature 
A)  nurture 
B)  stages 
C)  stability 
D)  nature

Question 15

Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does.Gabriella is displaying __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  observational learning 
D)  adaptation 
A)  reinforcement 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  observational learning 
D)  adaptation

Question 16

Developmental social neuroscience __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks 
B)  emphasizes that preschoolers' thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration 
C)  is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development 
D)  involves the study of brain activity and the individual's linear and logical cognitive processing patterns 
A)  involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks 
B)  emphasizes that preschoolers' thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration 
C)  is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development 
D)  involves the study of brain activity and the individual's linear and logical cognitive processing patterns

Question 17

Today,research that combines an experimental strategy with __________ approach is becoming increasingly common.

Accepted Answer

A)  both a correlational and a sequential 
B)  either a correlational or a sequential 
C)  either a longitudinal or a cross-sectional 
D)  both a correlational and a longitudinal 
A)  both a correlational and a sequential 
B)  either a correlational or a sequential 
C)  either a longitudinal or a cross-sectional 
D)  both a correlational and a longitudinal

Question 18

Dr.Bigelow is interested in studying musical prodigies.Which method is best suited for this type of research?

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation 
B)  clinical interview 
C)  case study 
D)  structured interview 
A)  naturalistic observation 
B)  clinical interview 
C)  case study 
D)  structured interview

Question 19

Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans __________ than students of native-born parents.

Accepted Answer

A)  are more likely to commit delinquent and violent acts 
B)  are more likely to be obese 
C)  often achieve in school as well as or better 
D)  tend to report lower self-esteem 
A)  are more likely to commit delinquent and violent acts 
B)  are more likely to be obese 
C)  often achieve in school as well as or better 
D)  tend to report lower self-esteem

Question 20

Tammy's father is an exceptional gymnast.When Tammy was just a toddler,her father believed that Tammy already showed great promise as a gymnast.Tammy's father probably believes that athletic ability is mostly determined by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nurture 
B)  stages 
C)  nature 
D)  early experiences 
A)  nurture 
B)  stages 
C)  nature 
D)  early experiences

Self-reports __________.

Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen laid the modern foundations for __________.

According to Jean Piaget,__________ is the balance between internal structures and information that children encounter in their everyday worlds.

Dr.Wu observes children's responses to bullying by watching them play in a park.This is an example of a(n)__________.

In a historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert,John Watson demonstrated that __________.

The discontinuous view of development holds that __________.

To overcome some of the limitations of traditional developmental designs,investigators sometimes use __________ designs,in which they conduct several similar cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.

Describe the exosystem as it exists in Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.

By using __________ assignment of participants to treatment conditions,investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups.

Which major theory of human development emphasizes plasticity at all ages?

Dr.Dias's research shows that the death of a spouse in old age is correlated with a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.Which conclusion is supported by this study?

Theorists who contend that powerful negative events in the first few years cannot be fully overcome by later,more positive ones emphasize __________.

Cindy tells her daughter,"I know you can do a good job on that homework" because she believes that if she encourages persistence,her daughter will start to view herself as hardworking and high-achieving.Cindy is applying the __________ approach.

Although Justin spent his first 18 months in an orphanage,his adoptive mother believes that sensitive caregiving will help Justin overcome his early experiences.Justin's mother emphasizes the role of __________ in development.

Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does.Gabriella is displaying __________.

Developmental social neuroscience __________.

Today,research that combines an experimental strategy with __________ approach is becoming increasingly common.

Dr.Bigelow is interested in studying musical prodigies.Which method is best suited for this type of research?

Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans __________ than students of native-born parents.

Tammy's father is an exceptional gymnast.When Tammy was just a toddler,her father believed that Tammy already showed great promise as a gymnast.Tammy's father probably believes that athletic ability is mostly determined by __________.

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies

Self-reports __________.

Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen laid the modern foundations for __________.

According to Jean Piaget,__________ is the balance between internal structures and information that children encounter in their everyday worlds.

Dr.Wu observes children's responses to bullying by watching them play in a park.This is an example of a(n)__________.

In a historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert,John Watson demonstrated that __________.

The discontinuous view of development holds that __________.

To overcome some of the limitations of traditional developmental designs,investigators sometimes use __________ designs,in which they conduct several similar cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.

Describe the exosystem as it exists in Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.

By using __________ assignment of participants to treatment conditions,investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups.

Which major theory of human development emphasizes plasticity at all ages?

Dr.Dias's research shows that the death of a spouse in old age is correlated with a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.Which conclusion is supported by this study?

Theorists who contend that powerful negative events in the first few years cannot be fully overcome by later,more positive ones emphasize __________.

Cindy tells her daughter,"I know you can do a good job on that homework" because she believes that if she encourages persistence,her daughter will start to view herself as hardworking and high-achieving.Cindy is applying the __________ approach.

Although Justin spent his first 18 months in an orphanage,his adoptive mother believes that sensitive caregiving will help Justin overcome his early experiences.Justin's mother emphasizes the role of __________ in development.

Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does.Gabriella is displaying __________.

Developmental social neuroscience __________.

Today,research that combines an experimental strategy with __________ approach is becoming increasingly common.

Dr.Bigelow is interested in studying musical prodigies.Which method is best suited for this type of research?

Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans __________ than students of native-born parents.

Tammy's father is an exceptional gymnast.When Tammy was just a toddler,her father believed that Tammy already showed great promise as a gymnast.Tammy's father probably believes that athletic ability is mostly determined by __________.

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, dying, and Bereavement

Filters