Question 1

Sine-wave gratings of different frequency, phase, and contrast can be added together to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  visual gratings. 
B)  checkerboard patterns. 
C)  natural visual scenes. 
D)  all of these 
A)  visual gratings. 
B)  checkerboard patterns. 
C)  natural visual scenes. 
D)  all of these D

Question 2

Infants' contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) are least like adults at

Accepted Answer

A)  low spatial frequencies. 
B)  intermediate spatial frequencies. 
C)  high spatial frequencies. 
D)  Infants and adults have similar CSFs at all spatial frequencies. 
A)  low spatial frequencies. 
B)  intermediate spatial frequencies. 
C)  high spatial frequencies. 
D)  Infants and adults have similar CSFs at all spatial frequencies. C

Question 3

What is the distinction between detection and discrimination, and which ability requires more stimulus information?

Accepted Answer

Detection refers to the ability to perceive the presence of a stimulus, while discrimination refers to the ability to distinguish between different stimuli or changes in stimuli. For example, in a visual context, detection might involve noticing a light in a dark room, while discrimination might involve distinguishing between different colors of light. Discrimination generally requires more stimulus information than detection, as it involves not only recognizing the presence of a stimulus, but also differentiating it from other similar stimuli.

Question 4

The contrast transfer function for the human visual system is

Accepted Answer

A)  termed the "contrast sensitivity function." 
B)  lower at intermediate spatial frequencies than at low ones. 
C)  highest for high spatial frequencies. 
D)  both termed the "contrast sensitivity function" and lower at intermediate spatial frequencies than at low ones. 
A)  termed the "contrast sensitivity function." 
B)  lower at intermediate spatial frequencies than at low ones. 
C)  highest for high spatial frequencies. 
D)  both termed the "contrast sensitivity function" and lower at intermediate spatial frequencies than at low ones.

Question 5

For the three light levels, photopic, mesopic, and scotopic, the contrast sensitivity functions for which two are nearly identical?

Accepted Answer

A)  photopic and scotopic 
B)  scotopic and mesopic 
C)  All three are nearly identical. 
D)  The three curves are distinct. 
A)  photopic and scotopic 
B)  scotopic and mesopic 
C)  All three are nearly identical. 
D)  The three curves are distinct.

Question 6

Describe how contrast sensitivity changes with age, and discuss the perceptual consequences of those changes.

Accepted Answer

Contrast sensitivity refers to the abili

Question 7

A person adapted to a target of 8 cycles per degree spatial frequency shows the biggest _________ in a subsequently obtained contrast sensitivity function (CSF) at _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gain; 8 cycles per degree 
B)  gain; 4 cycles per degree 
C)  loss; 8 cycles per degree 
D)  loss; 4 cycles per degree 
A)  gain; 8 cycles per degree 
B)  gain; 4 cycles per degree 
C)  loss; 8 cycles per degree 
D)  loss; 4 cycles per degree

Question 8

A large, low-contrast shadow is most likely to be seen by a

Accepted Answer

A)  cat. 
B)  human. 
C)  falcon. 
D)  rhesus monkey. 
A)  cat. 
B)  human. 
C)  falcon. 
D)  rhesus monkey.

Question 9

What involves the gradual change in the intensity of light and dark bars?

Accepted Answer

A)  sinusoidal grating 
B)  contrast threshold 
C)  multichannel model 
D)  none of these 
A)  sinusoidal grating 
B)  contrast threshold 
C)  multichannel model 
D)  none of these

Question 10

Which one of the following is NOT a property of a grating?

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial frequency 
B)  spatial phase 
C)  orientation 
D)  contrast threshold 
A)  spatial frequency 
B)  spatial phase 
C)  orientation 
D)  contrast threshold

Question 11

In the image produced by a lens, the frequency at which the contrast of the image falls to zero is termed the

Accepted Answer

A)  contrast frequency. 
B)  spatial frequency. 
C)  cutoff frequency. 
D)  blind spot. 
A)  contrast frequency. 
B)  spatial frequency. 
C)  cutoff frequency. 
D)  blind spot.

Question 12

How does contrast sensitivity change under photopic, mesopic, and scotopic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Contrast sensitivity refers to the abili

Question 13

The notion that the visibility of compound visual gratings depends on the independent effects of each of its simpler components is basic to the _________ _________ of perception.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gestalt theory 
B)  multichannel model 
C)  additive theory 
D)  interactive model 
A)  Gestalt theory 
B)  multichannel model 
C)  additive theory 
D)  interactive model

Question 14

The smallest orientation difference that an average person can see is

Accepted Answer

A)  2 percent. 
B)  4 percent. 
C)  6 percent. 
D)  8 percent. 
A)  2 percent. 
B)  4 percent. 
C)  6 percent. 
D)  8 percent.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt perceptual principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  linearity 
B)  closure 
C)  similarity 
D)  none of these 
A)  linearity 
B)  closure 
C)  similarity 
D)  none of these

Question 16

Contrast normalization

Accepted Answer

A)  is confined to a particular adapting orientation. 
B)  is confined to a particular adapting spatial frequency. 
C)  is confined to a particular retinal location. 
D)  all of these 
A)  is confined to a particular adapting orientation. 
B)  is confined to a particular adapting spatial frequency. 
C)  is confined to a particular retinal location. 
D)  all of these

Question 17

Which of the following defines a visual grating that is the most coarsely structured?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 cycle per degree 
B)  2 cycles per degree 
C)  4 cycles per degree 
D)  5.5 cycles per degree 
A)  1 cycle per degree 
B)  2 cycles per degree 
C)  4 cycles per degree 
D)  5.5 cycles per degree

Question 18

As illumination level is reduced, visibility is reduced most for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  low spatial frequencies 
B)  intermediate spatial frequencies 
C)  high spatial frequencies 
D)  Visibility is lowered about equally for all spatial frequencies. 
A)  low spatial frequencies 
B)  intermediate spatial frequencies 
C)  high spatial frequencies 
D)  Visibility is lowered about equally for all spatial frequencies.

Question 19

According to the textbook, the ability to define an object depends on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  detection 
B)  discrimination 
C)  identification 
D)  all of these 
A)  detection 
B)  discrimination 
C)  identification 
D)  all of these

Question 20

The belief that contrast sensitivity functions arise from different channels comes from the work on

Accepted Answer

A)  selective adaptation. 
B)  lesioning. 
C)  metamers. 
D)  none of these 
A)  selective adaptation. 
B)  lesioning. 
C)  metamers. 
D)  none of these

Sine-wave gratings of different frequency, phase, and contrast can be added together to produce

Infants' contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) are least like adults at

What is the distinction between detection and discrimination, and which ability requires more stimulus information?

The contrast transfer function for the human visual system is

For the three light levels, photopic, mesopic, and scotopic, the contrast sensitivity functions for which two are nearly identical?

Describe how contrast sensitivity changes with age, and discuss the perceptual consequences of those changes.

A person adapted to a target of 8 cycles per degree spatial frequency shows the biggest _ in a subsequently obtained contrast sensitivity function (CSF) at _.

A large, low-contrast shadow is most likely to be seen by a

What involves the gradual change in the intensity of light and dark bars?

Which one of the following is NOT a property of a grating?

In the image produced by a lens, the frequency at which the contrast of the image falls to zero is termed the

How does contrast sensitivity change under photopic, mesopic, and scotopic conditions?

The notion that the visibility of compound visual gratings depends on the independent effects of each of its simpler components is basic to the _ _ of perception.

The smallest orientation difference that an average person can see is

Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt perceptual principle?

Contrast normalization

Which of the following defines a visual grating that is the most coarsely structured?

As illumination level is reduced, visibility is reduced most for which of the following?

According to the textbook, the ability to define an object depends on which of the following?

The belief that contrast sensitivity functions arise from different channels comes from the work on

Introduction to Perception

The Human Eye

The Eye and Seeing

Central Visual Pathways

Object Perception: Recognizing the Things We See

Color Perception

Seeing a Three-Dimensional World

Action and the Perception of Events

The Ear and Auditory System

Hearing and Listening

Speech and Music Perception

Touch

Chemical Senses L: Smell

Chemical Senses Ll: Taste

Filters

Exam 5: Spatial Vision and Patten Perception

Sine-wave gratings of different frequency, phase, and contrast can be added together to produce

Infants' contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) are least like adults at

What is the distinction between detection and discrimination, and which ability requires more stimulus information?

The contrast transfer function for the human visual system is

For the three light levels, photopic, mesopic, and scotopic, the contrast sensitivity functions for which two are nearly identical?

Describe how contrast sensitivity changes with age, and discuss the perceptual consequences of those changes.

A person adapted to a target of 8 cycles per degree spatial frequency shows the biggest _________ in a subsequently obtained contrast sensitivity function (CSF) at _________.

A large, low-contrast shadow is most likely to be seen by a

What involves the gradual change in the intensity of light and dark bars?

Which one of the following is NOT a property of a grating?

In the image produced by a lens, the frequency at which the contrast of the image falls to zero is termed the

How does contrast sensitivity change under photopic, mesopic, and scotopic conditions?

The notion that the visibility of compound visual gratings depends on the independent effects of each of its simpler components is basic to the _________ _________ of perception.

The smallest orientation difference that an average person can see is

Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt perceptual principle?

Contrast normalization

Which of the following defines a visual grating that is the most coarsely structured?

As illumination level is reduced, visibility is reduced most for which of the following?

According to the textbook, the ability to define an object depends on which of the following?

The belief that contrast sensitivity functions arise from different channels comes from the work on

Introduction to Perception

The Human Eye

The Eye and Seeing

Central Visual Pathways

Object Perception: Recognizing the Things We See

Color Perception

Seeing a Three-Dimensional World

Action and the Perception of Events

The Ear and Auditory System

Hearing and Listening

Speech and Music Perception

Touch

Chemical Senses L: Smell

Chemical Senses Ll: Taste

Filters

A person adapted to a target of 8 cycles per degree spatial frequency shows the biggest _ in a subsequently obtained contrast sensitivity function (CSF) at _.

The notion that the visibility of compound visual gratings depends on the independent effects of each of its simpler components is basic to the _ _ of perception.