Question 1

How would someone who believes in naïve realism explain visual illusions?

Accepted Answer

Naïve realism, also known as direct realism, is the belief that our senses provide us with direct awareness of the external world. In other words, what we perceive with our senses is the world as it really is, without any form of interpretation or processing.

When it comes to visual illusions, a naïve realist would explain them as exceptions to the rule. They would argue that these illusions are caused by unusual or abnormal conditions that distort the direct perception of reality. For instance, they might say that an optical illusion occurs because of the peculiarities of light, the angle of viewing, or other specific conditions that are not typically present.

They might also argue that visual illusions are not truly 'illusions' but rather misinterpretations of the information our senses provide. For example, in the case of the famous 'Müller-Lyer illusion' (where two lines of the same length appear to be of different lengths because of the angles of the arrows at their ends), a naïve realist might argue that the lines are indeed of the same length and that the 'illusion' is simply a result of the observer's incorrect interpretation of the visual information.

In summary, a naïve realist would explain visual illusions as anomalies caused by specific conditions or as misinterpretations of sensory information, but would maintain that our senses generally provide us with a direct and accurate perception of the world.

Question 2

The physical energy that starts the sequence of events leading to perception is the

Accepted Answer

A)  base event. 
B)  perceptual link. 
C)  stimulus. 
D)  acoustic marker. 
A)  base event. 
B)  perceptual link. 
C)  stimulus. 
D)  acoustic marker. C

Question 3

An ideal perceiver is

Accepted Answer

A)  a mathematical abstraction. 
B)  someone with 20/20 vision. 
C)  a person perceiving optimally. 
D)  a person imagining perceiving something. 
A)  a mathematical abstraction. 
B)  someone with 20/20 vision. 
C)  a person perceiving optimally. 
D)  a person imagining perceiving something. A

Question 4

As dusk approaches, _________ appear to take on a deeper hue or richness.

Accepted Answer

A)  reds 
B)  yellows 
C)  oranges 
D)  greens 
A)  reds 
B)  yellows 
C)  oranges 
D)  greens

Question 5

List the four primary levels of analysis often adopted in the examination of perception, and explain why it is important to study perception from each of these perspectives.

Accepted Answer

The four primary levels of analysis ofte

Question 6

What is the staircase method, and what are its advantages over other psychophysical techniques?

Accepted Answer

The staircase method is a psychophysical

Question 7

Which technique allows us to see a "snapshot" of activity in brain regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  positron-emission tomography (PET) 
B)  single-cell technique 
C)  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
D)  both positron-emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
A)  positron-emission tomography (PET) 
B)  single-cell technique 
C)  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
D)  both positron-emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 8

Compared to other procedures, the forced-choice technique

Accepted Answer

A)  is much quicker. 
B)  minimizes the role of criterion effects in performance. 
C)  generally yields higher thresholds than other procedures. 
D)  gets around the problem of guessing. 
A)  is much quicker. 
B)  minimizes the role of criterion effects in performance. 
C)  generally yields higher thresholds than other procedures. 
D)  gets around the problem of guessing.

Question 9

Which of the following is a possible pair of JNDs? The difference threshold for the intensity of a light with an intensity of 100 units is ______, and the difference threshold for a light with an intensity of 1,000 units is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  10; 100 
B)  100; 10 
C)  10; 10 
D)  100; 100 
A)  10; 100 
B)  100; 10 
C)  10; 10 
D)  100; 100

Question 10

Fechner established a new science, which he called

Accepted Answer

A)  physics. 
B)  psychophysics. 
C)  kinetics. 
D)  psychoanalysis. 
A)  physics. 
B)  psychophysics. 
C)  kinetics. 
D)  psychoanalysis.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true and indicates that different species experience the world differently?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dogs can hear sound frequencies beyond the human audible range. 
B)  Some snakes can readily detect infrared energy. 
C)  Bees can navigate by the polarization of light. 
D)  all of these 
A)  Dogs can hear sound frequencies beyond the human audible range. 
B)  Some snakes can readily detect infrared energy. 
C)  Bees can navigate by the polarization of light. 
D)  all of these

Question 12

The philosopher John Locke drew a distinction between primary and secondary qualities, asserting that

Accepted Answer

A)  primary qualities are actually present in an object, whereas secondary qualities are sensations evoked by that object. 
B)  primary qualities are illusory, whereas secondary qualities are real. 
C)  primary qualities include color, sound, and taste; secondary qualities include bulk, number, and motion. 
D)  primary qualities must be accepted with caution, whereas secondary qualities accurately reflect the nature of the world. 
A)  primary qualities are actually present in an object, whereas secondary qualities are sensations evoked by that object. 
B)  primary qualities are illusory, whereas secondary qualities are real. 
C)  primary qualities include color, sound, and taste; secondary qualities include bulk, number, and motion. 
D)  primary qualities must be accepted with caution, whereas secondary qualities accurately reflect the nature of the world.

Question 13

The critical difference between seeing and hearing appears to depend on the

Accepted Answer

A)  different forms of physical energy involved. 
B)  areas of the brain that are stimulated. 
C)  strength and type of the stimulus. 
D)  differences between the eyes and the ears. 
A)  different forms of physical energy involved. 
B)  areas of the brain that are stimulated. 
C)  strength and type of the stimulus. 
D)  differences between the eyes and the ears.

Question 14

The large mass of the brain involved in vision seems to be organized into functionally distinct areas, each specialized for processing information about color, motion, form, and so on. What is an advantage of this type of organization? What is a disadvantage? Describe Anne Treisman's work on illusory conjunctions, and explain what that work says about modularity. The concept of modularity can, of course, be extended to the different sensory modalities, each with its own distinct brain region. Do the same principles
of modularity apply across modalities that apply within modalities? If so, illustrate with one other modality.

Accepted Answer

The advantage of having functionally dis

Question 15

According to Weber's law,

Accepted Answer

A)  a fixed-proportion increase in intensity is sufficient to produce a JND in sensation. 
B)  large increases in intensity are needed to discriminate weak stimuli. 
C)  stimulus magnitude grows with a power function. 
D)  a constant intensity must be added to any stimulus to make it noticeably stronger. 
A)  a fixed-proportion increase in intensity is sufficient to produce a JND in sensation. 
B)  large increases in intensity are needed to discriminate weak stimuli. 
C)  stimulus magnitude grows with a power function. 
D)  a constant intensity must be added to any stimulus to make it noticeably stronger.

Question 16

Suppose we measure Randolph's and Robert's thresholds for detecting a pure tone, using the method of adjustment. Randolph's thresholds turn out to be lower than Robert's. Is Randolph's hearing better than Robert's? What possible interpretations can we draw from these measurements?

Accepted Answer

Yes, if Randolph's thresholds for detect

Question 17

The approach of dualism in the study of perception holds that

Accepted Answer

A)  perception and sensation are two different processes. 
B)  conscious experience can exist independently of a material foundation. 
C)  physiology and anatomy both determine and influence perceptual experience. 
D)  there are two basic types of sense. 
A)  perception and sensation are two different processes. 
B)  conscious experience can exist independently of a material foundation. 
C)  physiology and anatomy both determine and influence perceptual experience. 
D)  there are two basic types of sense.

Question 18

Churchland's argument(s) against dualism involved

Accepted Answer

A)  the notion that the condition of the brain affects perception. 
B)  complex perceptions that can be accounted for by simple elements. 
C)  both the notion that the condition of the brain affects perception and complex perceptions that can be . accounted for by simple elements 
D)  none of these 
A)  the notion that the condition of the brain affects perception. 
B)  complex perceptions that can be accounted for by simple elements. 
C)  both the notion that the condition of the brain affects perception and complex perceptions that can be . accounted for by simple elements 
D)  none of these

Question 19

Which one of the following is NOT one of the approaches to perception adopted in the text?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological 
B)  biological 
C)  theoretical 
D)  All of these are approaches to perception. 
A)  psychological 
B)  biological 
C)  theoretical 
D)  All of these are approaches to perception.

Question 20

Perception is said to be symbolic in that

Accepted Answer

A)  your experience of an object is the same as the object itself. 
B)  your perceptual experiences are produced by brain states. 
C)  perception occurs immediately and automatically. 
D)  brain representations are identical to the objects represented. 
A)  your experience of an object is the same as the object itself. 
B)  your perceptual experiences are produced by brain states. 
C)  perception occurs immediately and automatically. 
D)  brain representations are identical to the objects represented.

How would someone who believes in naïve realism explain visual illusions?

The physical energy that starts the sequence of events leading to perception is the

An ideal perceiver is

As dusk approaches, _________ appear to take on a deeper hue or richness.

List the four primary levels of analysis often adopted in the examination of perception, and explain why it is important to study perception from each of these perspectives.

What is the staircase method, and what are its advantages over other psychophysical techniques?

Which technique allows us to see a "snapshot" of activity in brain regions?

Compared to other procedures, the forced-choice technique

Which of the following is a possible pair of JNDs? The difference threshold for the intensity of a light with an intensity of 100 units is , and the difference threshold for a light with an intensity of 1,000 units is .

Fechner established a new science, which he called

Which of the following statements is true and indicates that different species experience the world differently?

The philosopher John Locke drew a distinction between primary and secondary qualities, asserting that

The critical difference between seeing and hearing appears to depend on the

According to Weber's law,

Suppose we measure Randolph's and Robert's thresholds for detecting a pure tone, using the method of adjustment. Randolph's thresholds turn out to be lower than Robert's. Is Randolph's hearing better than Robert's? What possible interpretations can we draw from these measurements?

The approach of dualism in the study of perception holds that

Churchland's argument(s) against dualism involved

Which one of the following is NOT one of the approaches to perception adopted in the text?

Perception is said to be symbolic in that

The Human Eye

The Eye and Seeing

Central Visual Pathways

Spatial Vision and Patten Perception

Object Perception: Recognizing the Things We See

Color Perception

Seeing a Three-Dimensional World

Action and the Perception of Events

The Ear and Auditory System

Hearing and Listening

Speech and Music Perception

Touch

Chemical Senses L: Smell

Chemical Senses Ll: Taste

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction to Perception

How would someone who believes in naïve realism explain visual illusions?

The physical energy that starts the sequence of events leading to perception is the

An ideal perceiver is

As dusk approaches, _________ appear to take on a deeper hue or richness.

List the four primary levels of analysis often adopted in the examination of perception, and explain why it is important to study perception from each of these perspectives.

What is the staircase method, and what are its advantages over other psychophysical techniques?

Which technique allows us to see a "snapshot" of activity in brain regions?

Compared to other procedures, the forced-choice technique

Which of the following is a possible pair of JNDs? The difference threshold for the intensity of a light with an intensity of 100 units is ______, and the difference threshold for a light with an intensity of 1,000 units is ______.

Fechner established a new science, which he called

Which of the following statements is true and indicates that different species experience the world differently?

The philosopher John Locke drew a distinction between primary and secondary qualities, asserting that

The critical difference between seeing and hearing appears to depend on the

According to Weber's law,

Suppose we measure Randolph's and Robert's thresholds for detecting a pure tone, using the method of adjustment. Randolph's thresholds turn out to be lower than Robert's. Is Randolph's hearing better than Robert's? What possible interpretations can we draw from these measurements?

The approach of dualism in the study of perception holds that

Churchland's argument(s) against dualism involved

Which one of the following is NOT one of the approaches to perception adopted in the text?

Perception is said to be symbolic in that

The Human Eye

The Eye and Seeing

Central Visual Pathways

Spatial Vision and Patten Perception

Object Perception: Recognizing the Things We See

Color Perception

Seeing a Three-Dimensional World

Action and the Perception of Events

The Ear and Auditory System

Hearing and Listening

Speech and Music Perception

Touch

Chemical Senses L: Smell

Chemical Senses Ll: Taste

Filters

Which of the following is a possible pair of JNDs? The difference threshold for the intensity of a light with an intensity of 100 units is , and the difference threshold for a light with an intensity of 1,000 units is .