Chat with AIExam 6: Developing Questionnaires and Surveys
A principal wants to gauge the opinions of different student clubs and groups in a large urban high school. The school enrolls more women than men and is racially and ethnically diverse. The principal wants to try to get representatives from all subgroups in the sample, so he should probably rely on:
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In Wilson and Schooler's (1991) jam evaluation study, why did the people who analyzed the reasons for their feelings rank the jams differently than those in the control group? What can students of social psychology and survey research learn from these results?
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotWilson and Schooler's (1991) jam evaluation study found that people who analyzed the reasons for their feelings about the jams ranked them differently than those in the control group. This is because when individuals were asked to analyze and articulate the reasons behind their preferences, they became more focused on the specific attributes of the jams and their decision-making process. This increased cognitive effort led to a heightened sensitivity to minor differences between the jams, causing them to rank the jams differently than those who did not engage in such analysis.
Students of social psychology and survey research can learn several important lessons from these results. Firstly, it demonstrates the impact of introspection and self-analysis on decision-making and preferences. This has implications for understanding consumer behavior, as well as how individuals make choices in various contexts. Secondly, it highlights the potential bias that can occur when individuals are asked to rationalize their preferences, as this can lead to overthinking and a focus on minor details that may not actually be important in the decision-making process. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of considering the cognitive processes and biases that may influence survey responses, and the need for researchers to carefully design studies to minimize these potential confounds. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the complexities of human decision-making and the potential impact of introspection on preferences and rankings.
How do quota samples differ from stratified samples? Why are these forms of sampling somewhat similar to each other?
(38) Answered by Examlex AI CopilotQuota samples differ from stratified samples in that quota samples are non-random samples, where the researcher selects participants based on certain characteristics to match the proportions found in the population, while stratified samples are random samples where the population is divided into subgroups and participants are randomly selected from each subgroup.
Despite this difference, quota samples and stratified samples are somewhat similar because they both involve dividing the population into subgroups based on certain characteristics. In both cases, the goal is to ensure that the sample reflects the diversity of the population in terms of these characteristics. Additionally, both methods can be used to improve the representativeness of the sample and increase the reliability of the study results. However, it is important to note that stratified samples are generally considered more rigorous and reliable than quota samples, as they involve random selection within each subgroup.
When should a researcher rely on stratified sampling? Provide an example illustrating the use of this probability sampling.
(44) How do open-ended questions differ from close-ended questions? When is one type preferred over the other? Give an example of each type of question.
(32) You complete a extraversion scale that provides scores between 1 and 100, where a higher score means you are more outgoing. This scale is best described as a:
(35) Convenience or haphazard samples are nonprobability samples, yet many studies in outside social psychology rely on them. Why? Are such samples empirically defensible?
(36) What is "yea-saying"? How do social psychologists and other survey researchers reduce "yea-saying" when collecting self-report data?
(39) When a respondent declines to report even a minor character flaw (e.g., reading tabloid newspapers) in response to a survey or a questionnaire, she may be demonstrating:
(32) A scale that asks you to indicate if you are "married," "single," or "other" is an example of a:
(38) Polling the opinions of a complete population is properly referred to as:
(41) Why are Likert scales so common in social psychological research? Provide an example.
(38) Why can how questions are sequenced in a questionnaire or survey influence the responses people give?
(42) Overconfidence in polling data from 1936 and 1948 were most likely caused by:
(35) How do opinion polls conducted in the 1936 and 1948 Presidential Elections reveal the need to always have random samples drawn from the eligible population of voters?
(35) As a response bias, how does social desirability differ from halo effects? Provide an example of each.
(44) Why are double-barreled questions a problem for respondents as well as researchers? Provide an example of such a question in order to illustrate the points you raise in your answer.
(39) When planning a research project, why does the length of a questionnaire matter?
(40) Give an example of each of the four scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Which are quantitative scales? Which are qualitative?
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