Exam 8: Cognitive Processes

You enter the classroom just as the prior class is leaving. You notice several sentences on the blackboard: "All teachers work hard. I am a teacher. I work hard." You immediately recognize this as

Two students are taking a physics test. The optimistic student expects to get an A, while the pessimistic student would be happy with a C. When the test results are determined, it happens that they both received Bs. It is most likely that

Which of the following could be attributed to the availability heuristic?

The process by which you form opinions, reach conclusions, and make critical evaluations of events and people is known as ________; the process of selecting and rejecting options is known as ________.

One Saturday night, you and a friend go to the video store to rent a DVD. You browse the DVDs until you find one that strikes you as interesting. Your friend browses all the DVDs until she has convinced herself that she has found exactly the best one. In terms of decision making, you are a _____________and she is a(n) ______________.

Social problems such as homelessness, poverty, lack of education, and violence are best described as

After the opera, your companion asks you about your response to the performance. According to Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, if you are like most people, you will

Problems in which the initial state, the goal state, and the operations are all clearly specified are technically referred to as

A description of the nature of heuristics is LEAST likely to say that they

When you enter the classroom, you notice the teacher has written the words "quantity," "quality," "relation," and "manner" on the blackboard. You should realize that the lecture topic is most likely

In a demonstration that is described in the textbook, people are asked to determine whether pairs of numbers are physically different. It is typically more difficult for people to make these judgments when the numbers are conceptually ________ because of ________ processes that interfere.

The availability heuristic tells us that if we wanted to impress people with the seriousness of the problem of homelessness in the world, we should

A key assumption made by researchers who are studying mental processes is that

Suppose you are working on the Wason selection task. You are shown four cards and are testing a rule. Research suggests that you will do much better on this task if you

An executive's chair has begun to wobble because a screw has gotten a little loose, so he calls the maintenance department. His inability to realize that a dime from his pocket could also be used as a screwdriver is an example of

The domain of ________ occupies the intersection of several different areas of focus in psychology, including perception, attention, language, and intelligence, among others.

A woman attends a lecture on the relationship between language and thought given by Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf. She would most likely hear them express the hypothesis that

A problem one faces when one uses the representativeness heuristic is that

A reader comes across the ambiguous word "bark" when reading a sentence, yet she has absolutely no difficulty understanding its intended meaning. Based on the research on lexical ambiguity, her ability to disambiguate the word most likely resulted from

Sharing common ground with a conversational partner