Exam 8: Cognitive Processes

The person next to you asks you a question that can have two different meanings. Psychologists who study language would say that in order to respond, you need more information about the

Suppose you are learning a complex dance routine but find all of the details overwhelming. If you want to use research on problem solving to improve your performance, you should

Normally, a person who is driving a car has no difficulty listening to music and simultaneously carrying on a conversation. If bad weather hits, however, the driver may turn off the music and ask passengers to be quiet in order to concentrate. It is most likely that the poor driving conditions

Since they began watching the news nightly on television, a couple has developed a fear of flying. They are convinced that many more people die in plane crashes than in automobile accidents. Their beliefs are most consistent with what would be predicted by

When decisions turn out badly, one is likely to experience regret. Studies suggest that the categories in which people express the greatest regrets involve their decisions with respect to their ________ and ________.

A study that reviewed literature on the content of lies reported that, when compared to people who tell the truth, liars

Your teacher is trying to get the class to use analogical problem solving. When he gives you a problem to solve by analogical reasoning, you will increase your chances of being successful by

You know someone who likes to impress others with her knowledge of everything, although she has confessed to you that many times she makes up "facts" to win an argument. Now you should be aware that she violates Grice's maxim of

One of the findings from Sue Savage-Rumbaugh's work with the apes Kanzi and Mulika is that they

If you are trying to decide which person to ask to go to see a movie with you, and you opt for the person who is "cute enough" for your own preferences, you would be described as a satisficer.

Imagine driving on the Fourth of July to a city that you have never visited. There is no place to park and the traffic seems very heavy. As you look for a parking place, you see streams of people heading toward the main street and you see that it has been blocked off to traffic. Not certain of what to make of all this, you think a few seconds and determine that a parade is imminent. The process that you are using to come to your conclusion sounds most like

A child is practicing scales on his piano. His mother can't wait until he learns some chords so that she can hear several notes together, rather than one note at a time. In psychological terms, the scales are comparable to ________ processes and the chords are comparable to ________ processes.

Studies of speech errors in the laboratory have led researchers to the conclusion that

In problem solving, the ________ refers to the incomplete information or unsatisfactory conditions you start with, and the ________ refers to the information or state of the world you hope to obtain.

The "hiker puzzle," which is presented in the textbook, illustrates the point that