Exam 6: Learning and Behavior Analysis

Suppose you wanted to replicate some of the research carried out by B. F. Skinner. When deciding on a behavior to measure, it is most likely that you would choose the

Which of the following is out of place among the others?

In a typical classical conditioning experiment, a conditioned stimulus is

After Watson and Rayner established conditioned fear in Little Albert, they found that

What is the law of effect? Discuss what is meant by reinforcement contingencies and explain how reinforcement and punishment affect the probability of behavior. Describe the difference between variable-ratio and variable-interval schedules of reinforcement.

Which of the following statements is an example of a reinforcement contingency?

All of the following are primary reinforcers EXCEPT

Gerald Patterson's coercion model suggests that children's antisocial behavior may result from parents who

You feel fine when you sit down in the classroom, but as soon as the teacher announces a surprise quiz you immediately feel your pulse quicken and your stomach churn. Your reaction to the teacher's announcement is most likely a(n)

A woman is keeping her New Year's resolution. Every morning she makes a list of what she is going to do that day. Then, she performs the tasks in order of their appeal to her, doing the least appealing thing first and the most appealing thing last. The woman is applying

Every night at supper time a telemarketer calls people and tries to get them to buy things that they don't need. On average, he makes a sale after every 72 calls. Every Friday night he treats himself by buying a steak dinner with part of his earnings. The telemarketer's success is on a ________ schedule of reinforcement, and his dining behavior is on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

A boy runs on an icy sidewalk, slips, and falls. In the future, he no longer runs on icy sidewalks. His getting hurt is an example of

To understand the phenomenon of instinctual drift, it is most helpful to realize the importance of

"In classical conditioning, as in telling a good joke, timing is critical." By this, the authors of the textbook mean that the ________ must be presented ________.

Reflex responses, which are central to classical conditioning, are

The results of Robert Rescorla's research on the importance of contingency in classical conditioning are analogous to the real-world situation in which people

Imagine being quizzed by your teacher on schedules of reinforcement. You are asked to name the schedule that generates the highest rate of responding and the greatest resistance to extinction. You are told further that gamblers are often under the control of this schedule. You should respond that this describes a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

The research of John Garcia and Robert Koelling on taste aversion is noteworthy in the understanding of learning because it demonstrated that

To condition fear in Little Albert, Watson and Rayner used a ________ as a UCS and found that fear developed in just ________ trial(s).

Edward Tolman pioneered the study of cognitive processes in learning by designing experiments in which