Question 1

Which of the following pathological conditions may lead to congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypertension 
B) Renal insufficiency 
C) Pulmonary embolism 
D) All of the above 
A) Hypertension 
B) Renal insufficiency 
C) Pulmonary embolism 
D) All of the above D

Question 2

According to the Frank-Starling mechanism,an insignificant ventricular end-diastolic volume will result in which of the following changes in heart function?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase in stretch of the myocardium 
B) Decrease in ventricular mechanical performance 
C) No change in filling pressure 
D) Increase in stroke volume producing elevated blood pressure 
A) Increase in stretch of the myocardium 
B) Decrease in ventricular mechanical performance 
C) No change in filling pressure 
D) Increase in stroke volume producing elevated blood pressure B

Question 3

Increased arterial pressure that leads to left ventricular hypertrophy potentially causing CHF after a period of time describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Pulmonary embolism 
B) Systemic hypertension 
C) Pulmonary hypertension 
D) Cardiomyopathy 
A) Pulmonary embolism 
B) Systemic hypertension 
C) Pulmonary hypertension 
D) Cardiomyopathy B

Question 4

Which of the following statements BEST describes the term diastolic heart failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Impaired contraction that produces an inefficient expulsion of blood 
B) Loss of contracting myocardium as a result of anterior myocardial infarction 
C) Inability of the ventricles to accept the blood ejected from the atria 
D) Change in filling due to replacement of infracted area with distensible fibrous tissue 
A) Impaired contraction that produces an inefficient expulsion of blood 
B) Loss of contracting myocardium as a result of anterior myocardial infarction 
C) Inability of the ventricles to accept the blood ejected from the atria 
D) Change in filling due to replacement of infracted area with distensible fibrous tissue

Question 5

The reduction of glucose metabolism in a patient with congestive heart failure is MOST likely due to impairment related to which of the following organs?

Accepted Answer

A) Skeletal muscle 
B) Kidney 
C) Liver 
D) Pancreas 
A) Skeletal muscle 
B) Kidney 
C) Liver 
D) Pancreas

Question 6

Which of the following factors significantly predict survival in persons with congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Diminished left ventricular ejection fraction 
B) New York Heart Failure class II functional status 
C) Episodes of hypotension 
D) Exercise tachycardia 
A) Diminished left ventricular ejection fraction 
B) New York Heart Failure class II functional status 
C) Episodes of hypotension 
D) Exercise tachycardia

Question 7

A noncompliant left ventricle that occurs as blood passively fills a poorly relaxing ventricle during early diastole and is considered the hallmark of congestive heart failure describes which of the following heart sounds?

Accepted Answer

A) S1 
B) S2 
C) S3 
D) S4 
A) S1 
B) S2 
C) S3 
D) S4

Question 8

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)is defined as which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A) Breathlessness or air hunger 
B) Sudden shortness of breath in sitting 
C) Sudden shortness of breath in supine 
D) Dyspnea due to fluid in the lower portions of the lungs 
A) Breathlessness or air hunger 
B) Sudden shortness of breath in sitting 
C) Sudden shortness of breath in supine 
D) Dyspnea due to fluid in the lower portions of the lungs

Question 9

Patients with anemia who have less reserve before their oxygen stores desaturate are indicative of what type of shift in the oxyhemoglobin curve?

Accepted Answer

A) Left 
B) Right 
C) More steep 
D) More shallow 
A) Left 
B) Right 
C) More steep 
D) More shallow

Question 10

Dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

A) Long-term alcohol abuse 
B) Malalignment of myocardial fibers 
C) Myocardial fibrosis 
D) Abnormal sympathetic stimulation 
A) Long-term alcohol abuse 
B) Malalignment of myocardial fibers 
C) Myocardial fibrosis 
D) Abnormal sympathetic stimulation

Question 11

Liver dysfunction associated with congestive heart failure can be identified using which of the following laboratory values?

Accepted Answer

A) Elevated blood urea nitrogen 
B) Abnormal AST 
C) Elevated creatinine levels 
D) Low hemoglobin and hematocrit 
A) Elevated blood urea nitrogen 
B) Abnormal AST 
C) Elevated creatinine levels 
D) Low hemoglobin and hematocrit

Question 12

Which of the following causes is MOST related to right heart failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Pulmonary embolus 
B) Myocardial infarction 
C) Hypertension 
D) Aortic valve dysfunction 
A) Pulmonary embolus 
B) Myocardial infarction 
C) Hypertension 
D) Aortic valve dysfunction

Question 13

A breathing pattern characterized by waxing and waning depths of respiration with recurring periods of apnea is termed which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 
B) Tachypnea 
C) Cheyne-Stokes respiration 
D) Orthopnea 
A) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 
B) Tachypnea 
C) Cheyne-Stokes respiration 
D) Orthopnea

Question 14

Which of the following pathological conditions will result in scar formation with associated decreased contractility and reduced relaxation in the myocardial tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) Atrial fibrillation 
B) Cardiomyopathy 
C) Coronary bypass pump syndrome 
D) Myocardial infarction 
A) Atrial fibrillation 
B) Cardiomyopathy 
C) Coronary bypass pump syndrome 
D) Myocardial infarction

Question 15

In normal cardiac neurohumoral function,beta₂-adrenergic receptors facilitate which of the following physiological changes?

Accepted Answer

A) Increases heart rate and myocardial force of contraction. 
B) Promotes vasodilation of capillary beds. 
C) Activates the inhibitory G protein and inhibits adenylate cyclase. 
D) Transmits stimulatory (Gs)or inhibitory (G1)signals to the catalytic unit. 
A) Increases heart rate and myocardial force of contraction. 
B) Promotes vasodilation of capillary beds. 
C) Activates the inhibitory G protein and inhibits adenylate cyclase. 
D) Transmits stimulatory (Gs)or inhibitory (G1)signals to the catalytic unit.

Question 16

Natriuretic peptides are released by cardiac muscle in response to increased stretch due to high filling or atrial pressures or cardiac dilation to produce which of the following affects?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulation of rennin and aldosterone 
B) Arterio- and venoconstriction 
C) Reduced blood volume through natriuresis 
D) Stimulation of vascular smooth muscle 
A) Stimulation of rennin and aldosterone 
B) Arterio- and venoconstriction 
C) Reduced blood volume through natriuresis 
D) Stimulation of vascular smooth muscle

Question 17

Which of the following distances walked by a patient with congestive heart failure during a 6-minute walk test assists with determination of short- and long-term survival?

Accepted Answer

A) 300 meters 
B) 350 meters 
C) 400 meters 
D) 450 meters 
A) 300 meters 
B) 350 meters 
C) 400 meters 
D) 450 meters

Question 18

Which of the following pathophysiological changes potentially noted in patients with CHF results in the heart becoming insensitive to beta-adrenergic stimulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Excessive sympathetic nervous system stimulation 
B) Decreased concentrations of norepinephrine 
C) Decrease in Beta₁-adrenergic receptor density 
D) Deactivation of adenylate cyclase 
A) Excessive sympathetic nervous system stimulation 
B) Decreased concentrations of norepinephrine 
C) Decrease in Beta₁-adrenergic receptor density 
D) Deactivation of adenylate cyclase

Question 19

Which of the following medications prescribed for heart failure is noted to provide a positive inotropic effect evidenced by an increased left ventricular ejection fraction?

Accepted Answer

A) Diuretics 
B) Dobutamine 
C) Nitroglycerin 
D) Topral 
A) Diuretics 
B) Dobutamine 
C) Nitroglycerin 
D) Topral

Question 20

Mitral valve insufficiency frequently dilates which of the following heart chambers?

Accepted Answer

A) Left ventricle 
B) Right ventricle 
C) Left atrium 
D) Right atrium 
A) Left ventricle 
B) Right ventricle 
C) Left atrium 
D) Right atrium

Exam 4: Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction and Failure

Which of the following pathological conditions may lead to congestive heart failure (CHF)?

According to the Frank-Starling mechanism,an insignificant ventricular end-diastolic volume will result in which of the following changes in heart function?

Increased arterial pressure that leads to left ventricular hypertrophy potentially causing CHF after a period of time describes which of the following?

Which of the following statements BEST describes the term diastolic heart failure?

The reduction of glucose metabolism in a patient with congestive heart failure is MOST likely due to impairment related to which of the following organs?

Which of the following factors significantly predict survival in persons with congestive heart failure?

A noncompliant left ventricle that occurs as blood passively fills a poorly relaxing ventricle during early diastole and is considered the hallmark of congestive heart failure describes which of the following heart sounds?

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)is defined as which of the following statements?

Patients with anemia who have less reserve before their oxygen stores desaturate are indicative of what type of shift in the oxyhemoglobin curve?

Dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by which of the following factors?

Liver dysfunction associated with congestive heart failure can be identified using which of the following laboratory values?

Which of the following causes is MOST related to right heart failure?

A breathing pattern characterized by waxing and waning depths of respiration with recurring periods of apnea is termed which of the following?

Which of the following pathological conditions will result in scar formation with associated decreased contractility and reduced relaxation in the myocardial tissue?

In normal cardiac neurohumoral function,beta₂-adrenergic receptors facilitate which of the following physiological changes?

Natriuretic peptides are released by cardiac muscle in response to increased stretch due to high filling or atrial pressures or cardiac dilation to produce which of the following affects?

Which of the following distances walked by a patient with congestive heart failure during a 6-minute walk test assists with determination of short- and long-term survival?

Which of the following pathophysiological changes potentially noted in patients with CHF results in the heart becoming insensitive to beta-adrenergic stimulation?

Which of the following medications prescribed for heart failure is noted to provide a positive inotropic effect evidenced by an increased left ventricular ejection fraction?

Mitral valve insufficiency frequently dilates which of the following heart chambers?

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems

Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems

Ischemic Cardiovascular Conditions and Other Vascular Pathologies

Restrictive Lung Dysfunction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases

Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Electrocardiography

Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Cardiovascular and Thoracic Interventions

Thoracic Organ Transplantation: Heart, Heart Lung, and Lung

Monitoring and Life Support Equipment

Cardiovascular Medications

Pulmonary Medications

Examination and Assessment Procedures

Interventions for Acute Cardiopulmonary Conditions

Interventions and Prevention Measures for Individuals With Cardiovascular Disease, or Risk of Disease

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

The Lymphatic System

Outcome Measures:a Guide for the Evidence Based Practice of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

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