Question 1

Which of the following surgical approaches is MOST commonly used for cardiac procedures?

Accepted Answer

A) Posterolateral thoracotomy 
B) Median sternotomy 
C) Thoracoabdominal 
D) Subxiphoid 
A) Posterolateral thoracotomy 
B) Median sternotomy 
C) Thoracoabdominal 
D) Subxiphoid B

Question 2

Patients with claudication pain after a peripheral vascular intervention have better long-term outcomes and fewer amputations?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

A patient presents with a left chest wall intrapleural drainage tube that is connected to a sealed collection system.Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate for the physical therapist treating the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) The physical therapist should hold therapy and activity until the intrapleural draining tube is removed by the physician. 
B) The physical therapist is limited to assisting the patient with low-intensity range of motion exercise with lower extremities only. 
C) The physical therapist is limited to assisting the patient with transfers only from bed to/from a chair or bedside commode. 
D) The physical therapist may continue physical activities with the patient as tolerated with special attention to the collection system ensuring maintenance of seal. 
A) The physical therapist should hold therapy and activity until the intrapleural draining tube is removed by the physician. 
B) The physical therapist is limited to assisting the patient with low-intensity range of motion exercise with lower extremities only. 
C) The physical therapist is limited to assisting the patient with transfers only from bed to/from a chair or bedside commode. 
D) The physical therapist may continue physical activities with the patient as tolerated with special attention to the collection system ensuring maintenance of seal. D

Question 4

Older adults who undergo a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery experience which of the following advantages that would be MOST beneficial with regard to age-related complications?

Accepted Answer

A) Less postoperative pain 
B) Reduced shoulder dysfunction 
C) Higher satisfaction 
D) Reduced postoperative confusion 
A) Less postoperative pain 
B) Reduced shoulder dysfunction 
C) Higher satisfaction 
D) Reduced postoperative confusion

Question 5

According to the research evidence,a coronary arterial bypass graft has a higher 3-year mortality rate as compared to the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The implantable cardioverter defibrillator is BEST indicated in which of the following heart conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) Permanent to respond to life-threatening arrhythmias such as tachycardia 
B) Temporary to control transient arrhythmias 
C) Temporary control of increased vagal control after cardiac surgery 
D) Permanent to control chronic arrhythmias such as second-degree heart block 
A) Permanent to respond to life-threatening arrhythmias such as tachycardia 
B) Temporary to control transient arrhythmias 
C) Temporary control of increased vagal control after cardiac surgery 
D) Permanent to control chronic arrhythmias such as second-degree heart block

Question 7

A pacemaker that can stimulate the atrium,can detect spontaneous atrial depolarizations,and can inhibit a pending stimulus when a spontaneous depolarization is detected is referred to which of the following NBG pacemaker codes?

Accepted Answer

A) AAI 
B) VVT 
C) DDD 
D) ONO 
A) AAI 
B) VVT 
C) DDD 
D) ONO

Question 8

When a patient is being considered for peripheral vascular disease intervention (surgical versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty),which of the following factors considered is a lesion characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A) Presence or absence of diabetes 
B) Stenosis versus occlusion 
C) Hemodynamic response 
D) Multilevel versus single level 
A) Presence or absence of diabetes 
B) Stenosis versus occlusion 
C) Hemodynamic response 
D) Multilevel versus single level

Question 9

Which of the following patients have been determined to gain the MOST benefit from a carotid endarterectomy procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) A patient who is symptomatic with carotid artery stenosis of 70% or greater 
B) A patient who is symptomatic with carotid artery stenosis of 50% to 65% 
C) A symptomatic patient with carotid artery stenosis of 40% to 50% 
D) An asymptomatic patient with carotid artery stenosis of 50% to 55% 
A) A patient who is symptomatic with carotid artery stenosis of 70% or greater 
B) A patient who is symptomatic with carotid artery stenosis of 50% to 65% 
C) A symptomatic patient with carotid artery stenosis of 40% to 50% 
D) An asymptomatic patient with carotid artery stenosis of 50% to 55%

Question 10

The findings of the Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High risk for Endarterectomy (SAPPHIRE)trial concluded which of the following about carotid artery stenting compared to endarterectomy on the risk for death,stroke,or MI 30 days and 1 year post procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) The carotid artery stenting was not inferior to endarterectomy. 
B) The carotid artery stenting led to greater risk than endarterectomy. 
C) Both the carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy were equivalent. 
D) Both the carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy led to low risk. 
A) The carotid artery stenting was not inferior to endarterectomy. 
B) The carotid artery stenting led to greater risk than endarterectomy. 
C) Both the carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy were equivalent. 
D) Both the carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy led to low risk.

Question 11

Which of the following reasons BEST supports the administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)with a collagen-binding domain (CBD),an agent that is used for stimulating the growth of new blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

A) Reduced blood flow to the ischemic area of the heart. 
B) Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor production systematically due to ischemia. 
C) The heart has a reduced ability to produce vascular endothelial growth factor in response to ischemia. 
D) Proliferative cell stimulation that is specific and may cause detrimental effects. 
A) Reduced blood flow to the ischemic area of the heart. 
B) Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor production systematically due to ischemia. 
C) The heart has a reduced ability to produce vascular endothelial growth factor in response to ischemia. 
D) Proliferative cell stimulation that is specific and may cause detrimental effects.

Question 12

You are evaluating a patient who is post a posterolateral thoracotomy procedure and is complaining of ipsilateral shoulder pain.Which of the following is LEAST likely a probable cause of the shoulder pain?

Accepted Answer

A) Diaphragmatic irritation referred by the phrenic nerve 
B) Chest drain placed too far into the apex of the hemithorax 
C) Operative positioning of the ipsilateral upper extremity 
D) Developing atelectasis postoperatively 
A) Diaphragmatic irritation referred by the phrenic nerve 
B) Chest drain placed too far into the apex of the hemithorax 
C) Operative positioning of the ipsilateral upper extremity 
D) Developing atelectasis postoperatively

Question 13

The primary cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality in the thoracic surgical population is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiac complications 
B) Respiratory complications 
C) Renal dysfunction 
D) Infection 
A) Cardiac complications 
B) Respiratory complications 
C) Renal dysfunction 
D) Infection

Question 14

Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient who is a few days postoperative a femoral-popliteal bypass for peripheral vascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Bed rest with surgical limb elevated 
B) Transfer to bedside chair only with surgical limb elevated 
C) Ambulation in room only three times per day 
D) Ambulation as tolerated,gentle leg range of motion,limb elevation at rest 
A) Bed rest with surgical limb elevated 
B) Transfer to bedside chair only with surgical limb elevated 
C) Ambulation in room only three times per day 
D) Ambulation as tolerated,gentle leg range of motion,limb elevation at rest

Question 15

The provision of interventions including deep breathing,incentive spirometer,and coughing to a patient who is early post-coronary artery bypass graft BEST prevents which of the following clinical complications?

Accepted Answer

A) Atelectasis 
B) Chest wall soreness 
C) Shoulder soreness 
D) Lower extremity discomfort 
A) Atelectasis 
B) Chest wall soreness 
C) Shoulder soreness 
D) Lower extremity discomfort

Question 16

Which of the following revascularization procedures is the BEST option when all three vessels of the coronary arterial supply are severely occluded?

Accepted Answer

A) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 
B) Directional coronary arthrectomy 
C) Endoluminal stent 
D) Coronary artery bypass graft 
A) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 
B) Directional coronary arthrectomy 
C) Endoluminal stent 
D) Coronary artery bypass graft

Question 17

Which of the following blood glucose level ranges is associated with an increased operative morbidity and mortality in women undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft?

Accepted Answer

A) 150 mg/dL 
A) 150 mg/dL

Question 18

Common risk factors for thoracic aortic aneurysms include which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypertension 
B) Hypercholesteremia 
C) Prior tobacco use 
D) All of the above 
A) Hypertension 
B) Hypercholesteremia 
C) Prior tobacco use 
D) All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following advantages of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery over a thoracotomy is MOST related to recovery in the activities domain within the International Classification of Functioning (ICF)model?

Accepted Answer

A) Reduced hospital length of stay 
B) Improved pulmonary functioning 
C) Early patient mobilization and recovery 
D) Less pain postoperatively 
A) Reduced hospital length of stay 
B) Improved pulmonary functioning 
C) Early patient mobilization and recovery 
D) Less pain postoperatively

Question 20

Which of the following vessels used in a coronary artery bypass graft is preferable due to its ability to resist atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Saphenous vein 
B) Internal mammary artery 
C) External mammary artery 
D) None of the above 
A) Saphenous vein 
B) Internal mammary artery 
C) External mammary artery 
D) None of the above

Exam 11: Cardiovascular and Thoracic Interventions

Which of the following surgical approaches is MOST commonly used for cardiac procedures?

Patients with claudication pain after a peripheral vascular intervention have better long-term outcomes and fewer amputations?

A patient presents with a left chest wall intrapleural drainage tube that is connected to a sealed collection system.Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate for the physical therapist treating the patient?

Older adults who undergo a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery experience which of the following advantages that would be MOST beneficial with regard to age-related complications?

According to the research evidence,a coronary arterial bypass graft has a higher 3-year mortality rate as compared to the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

The implantable cardioverter defibrillator is BEST indicated in which of the following heart conditions?

A pacemaker that can stimulate the atrium,can detect spontaneous atrial depolarizations,and can inhibit a pending stimulus when a spontaneous depolarization is detected is referred to which of the following NBG pacemaker codes?

When a patient is being considered for peripheral vascular disease intervention (surgical versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty),which of the following factors considered is a lesion characteristic?

Which of the following patients have been determined to gain the MOST benefit from a carotid endarterectomy procedure?

The findings of the Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High risk for Endarterectomy (SAPPHIRE)trial concluded which of the following about carotid artery stenting compared to endarterectomy on the risk for death,stroke,or MI 30 days and 1 year post procedure?

Which of the following reasons BEST supports the administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)with a collagen-binding domain (CBD),an agent that is used for stimulating the growth of new blood vessels?

You are evaluating a patient who is post a posterolateral thoracotomy procedure and is complaining of ipsilateral shoulder pain.Which of the following is LEAST likely a probable cause of the shoulder pain?

The primary cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality in the thoracic surgical population is which of the following?

Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient who is a few days postoperative a femoral-popliteal bypass for peripheral vascular disease?

The provision of interventions including deep breathing,incentive spirometer,and coughing to a patient who is early post-coronary artery bypass graft BEST prevents which of the following clinical complications?

Which of the following revascularization procedures is the BEST option when all three vessels of the coronary arterial supply are severely occluded?

Which of the following blood glucose level ranges is associated with an increased operative morbidity and mortality in women undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft?

Common risk factors for thoracic aortic aneurysms include which of the following factors?

Which of the following advantages of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery over a thoracotomy is MOST related to recovery in the activities domain within the International Classification of Functioning (ICF)model?

Which of the following vessels used in a coronary artery bypass graft is preferable due to its ability to resist atherosclerosis?

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems

Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems

Ischemic Cardiovascular Conditions and Other Vascular Pathologies

Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction and Failure

Restrictive Lung Dysfunction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases

Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Electrocardiography

Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Thoracic Organ Transplantation: Heart, Heart Lung, and Lung

Monitoring and Life Support Equipment

Cardiovascular Medications

Pulmonary Medications

Examination and Assessment Procedures

Interventions for Acute Cardiopulmonary Conditions

Interventions and Prevention Measures for Individuals With Cardiovascular Disease, or Risk of Disease

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

The Lymphatic System

Outcome Measures:a Guide for the Evidence Based Practice of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

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