Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Who expanded upon Thorndike's law of effect?

When Ben's parents take away his phone privileges or "ground" him, what type of punishment are they using?

To be most effective, what should punishment be combined with?

According to Skinner, when operantly conditioning a behaviour the reinforcer should be presented____________________ the target behaviour.

Which of the following is the most effective means of suppressing an unwanted response?

Define and give an example of a cognitive map.

Although secondary reinforcers are neutral, they gain their reinforcing properties by being associated with which of the following?

Which schedule of reinforcement usually generates a high rate of responding with a tendency toward a brief pause immediately following each reinforcement?

According to the textbook, the form of learning that is essentially the process of making associations is called ____________________.

Micah is extremely afraid of rats but not of hamsters or gerbils, which are both very similar to rats. What phenomenon does this case illustrate?

Which of the following is true of superstitious behaviour?

Tolman referred to learning that is not immediately demonstrated in overt behaviour as ______________.

What is another term for response cost?

Which of the following plays a major role in learned behaviour?

Akia rubbed cortisone cream onto a mosquito bite, and the itching then stopped. The next time a mosquito bit her, she reached for the cortisone cream. Which operant conditioning principle does this example illustrate?

What is the first step in using "behavioural self-management"?

In Pavlov's experiment, the dog salivating to what was once a previously neutral stimulus is now which of the following?

In operant conditioning, what is it called when a subject responds differently to different stimuli?

If a classically conditioned dog salivates not only to the original tone, but also to a higher-pitched and a lower-pitched tone, the process of __________ has occurred.

Gordon watches how his mother tenses up in the presence of dogs. Although Gordon has never before been harmed by a dog, he responds negatively when a dog is near him. What is Gordon demonstrating?