Question 1

Define alcohol expectancy theory and discuss the research findings regarding this theory.

Accepted Answer

The alcohol expectancy theory states that drinking behaviour is largely determined by the reinforcement that an individual expects to receive from it. For example, expectancies identified by a group of social drinkers were that alcohol positively transforms experiences, enhances social, physical, and sexual experiences, increases power and aggression, alters personal characteristics and improves social skills and reduces tension. However, these effects are related to the individual's expectations where alcohol is concerned, and the actual pharmacological effects of alcohol can have the opposite effect of expectation. Alcoholics and heavy drinkers are more likely to believe that alcohol use will result in positive outcomes and both alcoholics and non-problem drinkers drink more when they are told that their drinks contain alcohol.

Question 2

"Mainlining" means that the heroin is mixed with cocaine and snorted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

With relatively small doses of cannabis, most users report

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual arousal. 
B)  feelings of tension and anxiety. 
C)  paranoia. 
D)  hallucinations. 
E)  a feeling of euphoria and sociability. 
A)  sexual arousal. 
B)  feelings of tension and anxiety. 
C)  paranoia. 
D)  hallucinations. 
E)  a feeling of euphoria and sociability. E

Question 4

Alcohol begins to affect driving ability at a BAL of

Accepted Answer

A)  .05. 
B)  .03. 
C)  .01. 
D)  .10. 
E)  .08. 
A)  .05. 
B)  .03. 
C)  .01. 
D)  .10. 
E)  .08.

Question 5

The removal of alcohol from the body is NOT dependent upon

Accepted Answer

A)  the proportion of body fat. 
B)  the amount of alcohol dehydrogenase in the body. 
C)  rate of alcoholic intake. 
D)  the amount of food one consumes prior to drinking. 
E)  whether a person is male or female. 
A)  the proportion of body fat. 
B)  the amount of alcohol dehydrogenase in the body. 
C)  rate of alcoholic intake. 
D)  the amount of food one consumes prior to drinking. 
E)  whether a person is male or female.

Question 6

The twelve steps that define AA indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  that alcoholics are powerless to control drinking and must rely on a Higher Power. 
B)  alcoholics can follow these steps on their own and eventually quit drinking. 
C)  success depends on social support. 
D)  alcoholism can be cured if meetings are attended regularly. 
E)  alcoholics must attend mass regularly in conjunction with AA meetings. 
A)  that alcoholics are powerless to control drinking and must rely on a Higher Power. 
B)  alcoholics can follow these steps on their own and eventually quit drinking. 
C)  success depends on social support. 
D)  alcoholism can be cured if meetings are attended regularly. 
E)  alcoholics must attend mass regularly in conjunction with AA meetings.

Question 7

The majority of people who have reported drinking can be categorized as __________ drinkers.

Accepted Answer

A)  light frequent 
B)  light infrequent 
C)  heavy infrequent 
D)  moderate frequent 
E)  heavy frequent 
A)  light frequent 
B)  light infrequent 
C)  heavy infrequent 
D)  moderate frequent 
E)  heavy frequent

Question 8

Which of the following groups of drugs belong to the opiate family?

Accepted Answer

A)  morphine, heroin, methadone 
B)  morphine, nicotine, opium 
C)  caffiene, nicotine, and cocaine 
D)  codeine, benzoic acid, Demerol 
E)  heroin, cocaine, codeine 
A)  morphine, heroin, methadone 
B)  morphine, nicotine, opium 
C)  caffiene, nicotine, and cocaine 
D)  codeine, benzoic acid, Demerol 
E)  heroin, cocaine, codeine

Question 9

When family members establish roles that are defined by the substance abuse and their behaviour actually prevents changes in the abuse pattern, they are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  scapegoats. 
B)  facilitators. 
C)  codependents. 
D)  enmeshed. 
E)  resistant. 
A)  scapegoats. 
B)  facilitators. 
C)  codependents. 
D)  enmeshed. 
E)  resistant.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true regarding the absorption of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from the large intestine. 
B)  Alcohol is generally absorbed by fatty tissues in the body. 
C)  Most alcohol passes directly into the blood from the stomach. 
D)  Alcohol requires digestion to enter the bloodstream. 
E)  Most alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine. 
A)  Most alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from the large intestine. 
B)  Alcohol is generally absorbed by fatty tissues in the body. 
C)  Most alcohol passes directly into the blood from the stomach. 
D)  Alcohol requires digestion to enter the bloodstream. 
E)  Most alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine.

Question 11

Given the behavioural tolerance effect of drug use, an alcoholic might be most severely impaired when drinking

Accepted Answer

A)  with his friends at the bar that they frequent once a week. 
B)  at a house that he has never been to before. 
C)  home alone where he always drinks. 
D)  at night when he watches television. 
E)  at an office party. 
A)  with his friends at the bar that they frequent once a week. 
B)  at a house that he has never been to before. 
C)  home alone where he always drinks. 
D)  at night when he watches television. 
E)  at an office party.

Question 12

The nausea and headache associated with a hangover result from the accumulation of acetylaldehyde.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which group represents the greatest number of alcohol-related causes of death?

Accepted Answer

A)  motor vehicle accidents, cancer of the liver, Korsakoff's syndrome 
B)  motor vehicle accidents, cancer of the stomach, heart attack 
C)  cirrhosis of the liver, Korsakoff's syndrome, cancer 
D)  motor vehicle accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, suicide 
E)  accidental shootings, cancer of the mouth, suicide 
A)  motor vehicle accidents, cancer of the liver, Korsakoff's syndrome 
B)  motor vehicle accidents, cancer of the stomach, heart attack 
C)  cirrhosis of the liver, Korsakoff's syndrome, cancer 
D)  motor vehicle accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, suicide 
E)  accidental shootings, cancer of the mouth, suicide

Question 14

Tolerance is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a need for increased amounts of a substance in order to achieve previous effects. 
B)  a lack of control over the use of a substance. 
C)  physiological changes in the body due to use of a substance. 
D)  being accustomed to a substance due to regular usage. 
E)  a reversible and temporary condition that results from substance use. 
A)  a need for increased amounts of a substance in order to achieve previous effects. 
B)  a lack of control over the use of a substance. 
C)  physiological changes in the body due to use of a substance. 
D)  being accustomed to a substance due to regular usage. 
E)  a reversible and temporary condition that results from substance use.

Question 15

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of tobacco use.

Accepted Answer

Nicotine is an extremely potent CNS stim

Question 16

Antagonist drugs block the effects of psychoactive drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Why is treatment for stimulant dependence difficult?

Accepted Answer

A)  Doctors are generally reluctant to treat sufferers of substance abuse. 
B)  Stimulant abusers tend to use other drugs to counteract some of the effects of the stimulants, and become dependent on these drugs as well. 
C)  Stimulants are very addicting and it often takes many years to quit using them. 
D)  Psychological and biological treatments must be used in conjunction, never separately. 
E)  It is easier to treat those who are addicted to socially acceptable drugs. 
A)  Doctors are generally reluctant to treat sufferers of substance abuse. 
B)  Stimulant abusers tend to use other drugs to counteract some of the effects of the stimulants, and become dependent on these drugs as well. 
C)  Stimulants are very addicting and it often takes many years to quit using them. 
D)  Psychological and biological treatments must be used in conjunction, never separately. 
E)  It is easier to treat those who are addicted to socially acceptable drugs.

Question 18

Whereas it was once believed that marijuana________ addictive, recent evidence supports that marijuana use ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is mildly ; does not result in dependence or withdrawal 
B)  is strongly ; results in withdrawal only for susceptible persons 
C)  is not ; results in mild dependence and withdrawal symptoms 
D)  is not ; results in severe dependence and withdrawal symptoms 
E)  is mildly ; can result in severe dependence and/or withdrawal symptoms 
A)  is mildly ; does not result in dependence or withdrawal 
B)  is strongly ; results in withdrawal only for susceptible persons 
C)  is not ; results in mild dependence and withdrawal symptoms 
D)  is not ; results in severe dependence and withdrawal symptoms 
E)  is mildly ; can result in severe dependence and/or withdrawal symptoms

Question 19

Consistent with the notion of _________ , Enrique finds that he uses ______ heroin at home compared with then he is visiting the home of a new friend

Accepted Answer

A)  tension reduction; less 
B)  behavioral tolerance; more 
C)  negative reinforcement; more 
D)  behavioral tolerance; less 
E)  tension reduction; more 
A)  tension reduction; less 
B)  behavioral tolerance; more 
C)  negative reinforcement; more 
D)  behavioral tolerance; less 
E)  tension reduction; more

Question 20

Operant conditioning approaches to treatment of alcohol abuse are based on __________ and can be used with the goal(s) of ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aversion therapy ; complete abstinence 
B)  contingency management ; complete abstinence 
C)  contingency management ; complete abstinence or moderated drinking 
D)  differential reinforcement ; responsible drinking behavior 
E)  aversion therapy and differential reinforcement ; responsible drinking behavior 
A)  aversion therapy ; complete abstinence 
B)  contingency management ; complete abstinence 
C)  contingency management ; complete abstinence or moderated drinking 
D)  differential reinforcement ; responsible drinking behavior 
E)  aversion therapy and differential reinforcement ; responsible drinking behavior

Define alcohol expectancy theory and discuss the research findings regarding this theory.

"Mainlining" means that the heroin is mixed with cocaine and snorted.

With relatively small doses of cannabis, most users report

Alcohol begins to affect driving ability at a BAL of

The removal of alcohol from the body is NOT dependent upon

The twelve steps that define AA indicate that

The majority of people who have reported drinking can be categorized as __________ drinkers.

Which of the following groups of drugs belong to the opiate family?

When family members establish roles that are defined by the substance abuse and their behaviour actually prevents changes in the abuse pattern, they are referred to as

Which of the following statements is true regarding the absorption of alcohol?

Given the behavioural tolerance effect of drug use, an alcoholic might be most severely impaired when drinking

The nausea and headache associated with a hangover result from the accumulation of acetylaldehyde.

Which group represents the greatest number of alcohol-related causes of death?

Tolerance is best defined as

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of tobacco use.

Antagonist drugs block the effects of psychoactive drugs.

Why is treatment for stimulant dependence difficult?

Whereas it was once believed that marijuana addictive, recent evidence supports that marijuana use ___________.

Consistent with the notion of ___ , Enrique finds that he uses heroin at home compared with then he is visiting the home of a new friend

Operant conditioning approaches to treatment of alcohol abuse are based on and can be used with the goal(s) of ____.

Concepts of Abnormality Throughout History

Theoretical Perspectives on Abnormal Behaviour

Classification and Diagnosis

Psychological Assessment and Research Methods

Anxiety and Related Disorders

Dissociative and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Schizophrenia

Eating Disorders

The Personality Disorders

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Developmental Disorders

Behaviour and Emotional Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Mental Disorders and Aging

Therapies

Prevention and Mental Health Promotion in the Community

Mental Disorder and the Law

Filters

Exam 11: Substance-Related Disorders

Define alcohol expectancy theory and discuss the research findings regarding this theory.

"Mainlining" means that the heroin is mixed with cocaine and snorted.

With relatively small doses of cannabis, most users report

Alcohol begins to affect driving ability at a BAL of

The removal of alcohol from the body is NOT dependent upon

The twelve steps that define AA indicate that

The majority of people who have reported drinking can be categorized as __________ drinkers.

Which of the following groups of drugs belong to the opiate family?

When family members establish roles that are defined by the substance abuse and their behaviour actually prevents changes in the abuse pattern, they are referred to as

Which of the following statements is true regarding the absorption of alcohol?

Given the behavioural tolerance effect of drug use, an alcoholic might be most severely impaired when drinking

The nausea and headache associated with a hangover result from the accumulation of acetylaldehyde.

Which group represents the greatest number of alcohol-related causes of death?

Tolerance is best defined as

Describe the short-term and long-term consequences of tobacco use.

Antagonist drugs block the effects of psychoactive drugs.

Why is treatment for stimulant dependence difficult?

Whereas it was once believed that marijuana________ addictive, recent evidence supports that marijuana use ___________________.

Consistent with the notion of _________ , Enrique finds that he uses ______ heroin at home compared with then he is visiting the home of a new friend

Operant conditioning approaches to treatment of alcohol abuse are based on __________ and can be used with the goal(s) of ______________.

Concepts of Abnormality Throughout History

Theoretical Perspectives on Abnormal Behaviour

Classification and Diagnosis

Psychological Assessment and Research Methods

Anxiety and Related Disorders

Dissociative and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Schizophrenia

Eating Disorders

The Personality Disorders

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Developmental Disorders

Behaviour and Emotional Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Mental Disorders and Aging

Therapies

Prevention and Mental Health Promotion in the Community

Mental Disorder and the Law

Filters

Whereas it was once believed that marijuana addictive, recent evidence supports that marijuana use ___________.

Consistent with the notion of ___ , Enrique finds that he uses heroin at home compared with then he is visiting the home of a new friend

Operant conditioning approaches to treatment of alcohol abuse are based on and can be used with the goal(s) of ____.