Question 1

Vitamin D plays a critical role in bone health by

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking down homocysteine. 
B)  acting as a coenzyme for amino acid metabolism. 
C)  regulating blood calcium levels. 
D)  playing a role in DNA duplication. 
A)  breaking down homocysteine. 
B)  acting as a coenzyme for amino acid metabolism. 
C)  regulating blood calcium levels. 
D)  playing a role in DNA duplication. C

Question 2

Why is folate such an important nutrient for the developing fetus?

Accepted Answer

Folate, also known as folic acid or vitamin B9, is an essential nutrient for the developing fetus because it plays a crucial role in the formation of the neural tube during the early stages of development. The neural tube eventually becomes the baby's brain and spinal cord. A deficiency in folate can lead to neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly, which can cause serious complications or even be fatal. Folate also aids in the production of DNA and RNA, the body's genetic material, and is necessary for the rapid cell growth of the placenta and your developing baby. Therefore, adequate intake of folate is crucial during pregnancy for the healthy development of the fetus.

Question 3

Name and describe the three primary steps of cancer development.

Accepted Answer

The three primary steps of cancer development are initiation, promotion, and progression.

1. Initiation: This is the first step in which a normal cell is exposed to a carcinogen, which could be a chemical, radiation, or a virus. This exposure leads to alterations in the cell's DNA, causing mutations that can disrupt the normal control of cell growth and division.

2. Promotion: During this stage, the mutated cells undergo further changes that allow them to multiply and form a small cluster of abnormal cells. The promotion phase is characterized by the expansion of these abnormal cells, often due to factors such as inflammation, hormones, or other growth-promoting signals.

3. Progression: In this final stage, the cancerous cells continue to grow and acquire additional genetic mutations that enable them to become more aggressive and invasive. They can also acquire the ability to spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis. This results in the formation of a tumor and the spread of cancer throughout the body, leading to the potential for life-threatening complications.

Question 4

At what stage in the development of cancer does the mutated cell divide repeatedly?

Accepted Answer

A)  initiation 
B)  promotion 
C)  progression 
D)  metastasis 
A)  initiation 
B)  promotion 
C)  progression 
D)  metastasis

Question 5

Which of the following statements does NOT describe vitamin C's role as an antioxidant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin C defends the lungs from damage caused by ozone and cigarette smoke. 
B)  Vitamin C reduces the formation of nitrosamines in the stomach. 
C)  Vitamin C binds to free radicals to keep them from destroying the cell membrane. 
D)  Vitamin C regenerates vitamin A after it has been oxidized. 
A)  Vitamin C defends the lungs from damage caused by ozone and cigarette smoke. 
B)  Vitamin C reduces the formation of nitrosamines in the stomach. 
C)  Vitamin C binds to free radicals to keep them from destroying the cell membrane. 
D)  Vitamin C regenerates vitamin A after it has been oxidized.

Question 6

Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemicals in plants that

Accepted Answer

A)  slow aging and reduce the risk of certain diseases. 
B)  cause flushing. 
C)  can damage the nervous system. 
D)  strip stable molecules and make them harmful to the body. 
A)  slow aging and reduce the risk of certain diseases. 
B)  cause flushing. 
C)  can damage the nervous system. 
D)  strip stable molecules and make them harmful to the body.

Question 7

Oxidation damages the body's cells by

Accepted Answer

A)  flooding red blood cells with excess oxygen. 
B)  raising low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. 
C)  increasing antioxidant levels. 
D)  producing free radicals. 
A)  flooding red blood cells with excess oxygen. 
B)  raising low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. 
C)  increasing antioxidant levels. 
D)  producing free radicals.

Question 8

A free radical is a highly unstable atom with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Joan asks her doctor if it is safe to take herbal supplements. Which of the following summarizes the advice her health care provider would likely give Joan?

Accepted Answer

A)  Herbs can interact with other medications and cause health problems. 
B)  Research has shown that herbs are safe for human consumption. 
C)  Herbs that are labeled "natural" are the only ones that are safe to use. 
D)  Herbs are strictly regulated by the FDA and are therefore safe to use. 
A)  Herbs can interact with other medications and cause health problems. 
B)  Research has shown that herbs are safe for human consumption. 
C)  Herbs that are labeled "natural" are the only ones that are safe to use. 
D)  Herbs are strictly regulated by the FDA and are therefore safe to use.

Question 10

Can vitamin C prevent the common cold? Discuss the research that has been done to prove or disprove this question.

Accepted Answer

The question of whether vitamin C can pr

Question 11

How do adequate intakes of B6, folate, and B12 help reduce the risks for heart disease and stroke?

Accepted Answer

A)  These B vitamins protect the body's cells from oxidative damage. 
B)  These B vitamins break down the amino acid homocysteine. 
C)  These B vitamins scavenge free radicals. 
D)  These B vitamins promote repeated cell division. 
A)  These B vitamins protect the body's cells from oxidative damage. 
B)  These B vitamins break down the amino acid homocysteine. 
C)  These B vitamins scavenge free radicals. 
D)  These B vitamins promote repeated cell division.

Question 12

A deficiency of vitamin A is associated with vision disorders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Because they are generally fortified, dairy products are good sources of vitamin

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following organs is involved in the synthesis of vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

A)  skin 
B)  brain 
C)  stomach 
D)  heart 
A)  skin 
B)  brain 
C)  stomach 
D)  heart

Question 15

Without adequate vitamin C, the body cannot produce collagen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which effect of atrophic gastritis can result in vitamin B12 deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  rupturing of red blood cells 
B)  ariboflavinosis 
C)  cancer of the GI tract 
D)  low stomach-acid secretions 
A)  rupturing of red blood cells 
B)  ariboflavinosis 
C)  cancer of the GI tract 
D)  low stomach-acid secretions

Question 17

Pellagra, which often causes a scaly skin rash, results from a severe deficiency in

Accepted Answer

A)  thiamin. 
B)  niacin. 
C)  riboflavin. 
D)  vitamin A 
A)  thiamin. 
B)  niacin. 
C)  riboflavin. 
D)  vitamin A

Question 18

The World Health Organization estimates that every year 250,000 to 500,000 children worldwide are vitamin A deficient and develop

Accepted Answer

A)  pellagra. 
B)  rickets. 
C)  beriberi. 
D)  blindness. 
A)  pellagra. 
B)  rickets. 
C)  beriberi. 
D)  blindness.

Question 19

Vitamin B6 supplementation has been shown to result in

Accepted Answer

A)  high cholesterol. 
B)  hypertension. 
C)  baldness. 
D)  nerve damage. 
A)  high cholesterol. 
B)  hypertension. 
C)  baldness. 
D)  nerve damage.

Question 20

Choose one fruit or vegetable from each of the following groups: blue-purple foods, green foods, white foods, yellow-orange foods, and red foods. Identify the phytochemical of each choice and describe an important health benefit of each group.

Accepted Answer

Blue-purple foods: Blueberries - contain

Vitamin D plays a critical role in bone health by

Why is folate such an important nutrient for the developing fetus?

Name and describe the three primary steps of cancer development.

At what stage in the development of cancer does the mutated cell divide repeatedly?

Which of the following statements does NOT describe vitamin C's role as an antioxidant?

Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemicals in plants that

Oxidation damages the body's cells by

A free radical is a highly unstable atom with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell.

Joan asks her doctor if it is safe to take herbal supplements. Which of the following summarizes the advice her health care provider would likely give Joan?

Can vitamin C prevent the common cold? Discuss the research that has been done to prove or disprove this question.

How do adequate intakes of B₆, folate, and B₁₂ help reduce the risks for heart disease and stroke?

A deficiency of vitamin A is associated with vision disorders.

Because they are generally fortified, dairy products are good sources of vitamin

Which of the following organs is involved in the synthesis of vitamin D?

Without adequate vitamin C, the body cannot produce collagen.

Which effect of atrophic gastritis can result in vitamin B₁₂ deficiency?

Pellagra, which often causes a scaly skin rash, results from a severe deficiency in

The World Health Organization estimates that every year 250,000 to 500,000 children worldwide are vitamin A deficient and develop

Vitamin B₆supplementation has been shown to result in

Choose one fruit or vegetable from each of the following groups: blue-purple foods, green foods, white foods, yellow-orange foods, and red foods. Identify the phytochemical of each choice and describe an important health benefit of each group.

Nutrition: Making It Work for You

The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat

Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients

Fats: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients

Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

Minerals: Building and Moving Our Body

Fluid Balance, Water, and Alcohol

Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight

Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health

Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle

Food Safety, Technology, and the New Food Movement

Filters

Exam 6: Vitamins: Micronutrients With Macro Powers

Vitamin D plays a critical role in bone health by

Why is folate such an important nutrient for the developing fetus?

Name and describe the three primary steps of cancer development.

At what stage in the development of cancer does the mutated cell divide repeatedly?

Which of the following statements does NOT describe vitamin C's role as an antioxidant?

Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemicals in plants that

Oxidation damages the body's cells by

A free radical is a highly unstable atom with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell.

Joan asks her doctor if it is safe to take herbal supplements. Which of the following summarizes the advice her health care provider would likely give Joan?

Can vitamin C prevent the common cold? Discuss the research that has been done to prove or disprove this question.

How do adequate intakes of B6, folate, and B12 help reduce the risks for heart disease and stroke?

A deficiency of vitamin A is associated with vision disorders.

Because they are generally fortified, dairy products are good sources of vitamin

Which of the following organs is involved in the synthesis of vitamin D?

Without adequate vitamin C, the body cannot produce collagen.

Which effect of atrophic gastritis can result in vitamin B12 deficiency?

Pellagra, which often causes a scaly skin rash, results from a severe deficiency in

The World Health Organization estimates that every year 250,000 to 500,000 children worldwide are vitamin A deficient and develop

Vitamin B6 supplementation has been shown to result in

Choose one fruit or vegetable from each of the following groups: blue-purple foods, green foods, white foods, yellow-orange foods, and red foods. Identify the phytochemical of each choice and describe an important health benefit of each group.

Nutrition: Making It Work for You

The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat

Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients

Fats: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients

Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

Minerals: Building and Moving Our Body

Fluid Balance, Water, and Alcohol

Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight

Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health

Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle

Food Safety, Technology, and the New Food Movement

Filters

How do adequate intakes of B₆, folate, and B₁₂ help reduce the risks for heart disease and stroke?

Which effect of atrophic gastritis can result in vitamin B₁₂ deficiency?

Vitamin B₆supplementation has been shown to result in