Question 1

According to Max Weber, the term "life chances" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability that one has access to important stuff (e.g., health care, jobs, housing). 
B)  the probability of achieving intragenerational mobility. 
C)  the probability of achieving horizontal mobility. 
D)  the probability of achieving vertical mobility. 
E)  the probability that one can achieve a better place in the means of production. 
A)  the probability that one has access to important stuff (e.g., health care, jobs, housing). 
B)  the probability of achieving intragenerational mobility. 
C)  the probability of achieving horizontal mobility. 
D)  the probability of achieving vertical mobility. 
E)  the probability that one can achieve a better place in the means of production.

Question 2

According to Karl Marx, a class consists of people

Accepted Answer

A)  who share common life styles. 
B)  who share common life chances. 
C)  who share a relationship to the means of production in society. 
D)  who will come to share common revolutionary ideals. 
E)  who share a relationship to the means of production in society AND who will come to share common revolutionary ideals. 
A)  who share common life styles. 
B)  who share common life chances. 
C)  who share a relationship to the means of production in society. 
D)  who will come to share common revolutionary ideals. 
E)  who share a relationship to the means of production in society AND who will come to share common revolutionary ideals.

Question 3

According to Gordon Allport, antilocutions

Accepted Answer

A)  are among the "least energetic" forms of discrimination. 
B)  involve "verbal rejection." 
C)  might involve telling racist jokes. 
D)  are a form of treating people unequally. 
E)  are all of these. 
A)  are among the "least energetic" forms of discrimination. 
B)  involve "verbal rejection." 
C)  might involve telling racist jokes. 
D)  are a form of treating people unequally. 
E)  are all of these.

Question 4

As far as sociologists are concerned, the concept of "race" is important because

Accepted Answer

A)  understanding a person's race allows us to predict his or her IQ. 
B)  understanding a person's race allows us to predict his or her behavior in general. 
C)  people in different racial groups tend to have different personalities. 
D)  people tend to be treated differently depending upon their racial characteristics. 
E)  people in different races are more or less prone to mental illness. 
A)  understanding a person's race allows us to predict his or her IQ. 
B)  understanding a person's race allows us to predict his or her behavior in general. 
C)  people in different racial groups tend to have different personalities. 
D)  people tend to be treated differently depending upon their racial characteristics. 
E)  people in different races are more or less prone to mental illness.

Question 5

Men tend to earn more than women do, but the difference between men's and women's salaries tends to disappear in cases where men and women have the same educational backgrounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Each of the following statements is false. Pick XX of these statements and refute them. (You need to do more than simply say the statement is false. Explain why it is false. Provide examples if these will clarify your answer.)
a. Members of a truly closed system may experience horizontal mobility, but they will not have access to vertical mobility.
b. According to Karl Marx, one's place in the stratification system was dependent on the price one could get for selling one's labor.
c. According to Weber, people in society were stratified on their basis of their inherited wealth and the power this money gave them.
d. As the example of India proves, caste systems can be successfully outlawed if the laws change in that society.
e. In US society, everyone's dollar buys the same amount.
f. Every ethnicity has a long history.
g. As far as sociologists are concerned, women who make jokes about men being dumb are just as bad as men who make jokes about women being dumb.
h. As far as sociologists are concerned, all race-based discrimination is racism.
Refutations

Accepted Answer

a. Members of a truly closed system may

Question 7

In all societies people are evaluated on the basis of some characteristic, placed into higher or lower ranking groups, and given differential rewards. Sociologists refer to this process as

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  socialization. 
C)  class distinction. 
D)  stratification. 
E)  none of these 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  socialization. 
C)  class distinction. 
D)  stratification. 
E)  none of these

Question 8

Debbie grew up in a working class family. After high school, she got a job as a secretary in order to earn money to go to college. Ultimately, Debbie graduated with honors from college, attended graduate school and earned the Ph.D. She is now a professor at a major university. A sociologist would say Debbie has experienced

Accepted Answer

A)  intergenerational mobility. 
B)  feudal treatment. 
C)  horizontal mobility. 
D)  good karma. 
E)  all of these 
A)  intergenerational mobility. 
B)  feudal treatment. 
C)  horizontal mobility. 
D)  good karma. 
E)  all of these

Question 9

Most of the social mobility that took place in the twentieth century was a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  the hard work of individuals. 
B)  social factors such as industrialization and technology. 
C)  changes in attitudes toward work. 
D)  increasing sense of competition among American workers. 
E)  intragenerational transmission of the work ethic. 
A)  the hard work of individuals. 
B)  social factors such as industrialization and technology. 
C)  changes in attitudes toward work. 
D)  increasing sense of competition among American workers. 
E)  intragenerational transmission of the work ethic.

Question 10

Chattel slavery is a system whereby

Accepted Answer

A)  chattel are made into slaves. 
B)  some people are owned by others and treated as property. 
C)  slaves are routinely set free (or "manumitted"). 
D)  the poorest people of society ("chattel") are worse off than slaves. 
E)  women cannot own chattel. 
A)  chattel are made into slaves. 
B)  some people are owned by others and treated as property. 
C)  slaves are routinely set free (or "manumitted"). 
D)  the poorest people of society ("chattel") are worse off than slaves. 
E)  women cannot own chattel.

Question 11

Pick XXX pairs of words from the following list. Define the terms in each pair. Provide an example with each definition. (In your answer, make sure to indicate which terms you are defining!)
   Definitions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pick XXX pairs of words from the...

Question 12

According to McIntyre, which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slavery is a form of the caste system (and slaves are the "outcastes"). 
B)  Members of any social group might become slaves in some circumstances. 
C)  Some people have sold themselves into slavery. 
D)  In most societies where it existed, slavery begins as an achieved status, and then may come to be ascribed. 
E)  Under some conditions, slaves can be manumitted. 
A)  Slavery is a form of the caste system (and slaves are the "outcastes"). 
B)  Members of any social group might become slaves in some circumstances. 
C)  Some people have sold themselves into slavery. 
D)  In most societies where it existed, slavery begins as an achieved status, and then may come to be ascribed. 
E)  Under some conditions, slaves can be manumitted.

Question 13

The factors that make up an ethnic group include

Accepted Answer

A)  physical and genetic attributes. 
B)  common language, religion, and national origin. 
C)  biological ancestry. 
D)  self-selection. 
E)  class differences. 
A)  physical and genetic attributes. 
B)  common language, religion, and national origin. 
C)  biological ancestry. 
D)  self-selection. 
E)  class differences.

Question 14

Most research suggests that discrimination against minority groups ended in the 1950s and 1960s.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to sociological research on tracking in schools, developing critical thinking skills and creativity would typically be expected of a ____________ student, but not a ___________ student.

Accepted Answer

A)  high track; low track 
B)  vertically mobile; vertically immobile 
C)  university; high school 
D)  working class; middle class 
E)  middle class; upper class 
A)  high track; low track 
B)  vertically mobile; vertically immobile 
C)  university; high school 
D)  working class; middle class 
E)  middle class; upper class

Question 16

In most existing class systems, the individual's status

Accepted Answer

A)  is ascribed. 
B)  is never ascribed. 
C)  may be at least partly achieved. 
D)  strictly depends on how hardworking the individual is. 
E)  is never ascribed AND strictly depends on how hardworking the individual is. 
A)  is ascribed. 
B)  is never ascribed. 
C)  may be at least partly achieved. 
D)  strictly depends on how hardworking the individual is. 
E)  is never ascribed AND strictly depends on how hardworking the individual is.

Question 17

According to Karl Marx, those who must earn their living by selling their labor make up the

Accepted Answer

A)  paraprofessional class. 
B)  semiprofessional class. 
C)  proletariat. 
D)  bourgeoisie. 
E)  indigent class. 
A)  paraprofessional class. 
B)  semiprofessional class. 
C)  proletariat. 
D)  bourgeoisie. 
E)  indigent class.

Question 18

Which of the following types of stratification systems will have rules in place to help people avoid ritual pollution?

Accepted Answer

A)  caste 
B)  estate 
C)  class 
D)  slave 
E)  caste AND slave 
A)  caste 
B)  estate 
C)  class 
D)  slave 
E)  caste AND slave

Question 19

In The Practical Skeptic, McIntyre quotes one of her students: "In high school I was an all-American basketball player even though I played in a ghetto school.… I got letters from coaches from top college programs saying, 'I've heard you are a great player, are you going to any camps?' The point was that they didn't want to come to my school to watch me play because it's a rough place. They were willing to come see me if I could go to camp. But I wasn't able to afford to go to any of the camps."In your informed judgment, which point of view on the reproduction of class does this student's experience support-the cultural or the structural? Why? (In your answer, summarize the two points of view.)

Accepted Answer

The student's experience supports the st

Question 20

Structural mobility refers to mobility that occurs owing to changes in such things as industry, the rate of immigration, and other social factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

According to Max Weber, the term "life chances" refers to

According to Karl Marx, a class consists of people

According to Gordon Allport, antilocutions

As far as sociologists are concerned, the concept of "race" is important because

Men tend to earn more than women do, but the difference between men's and women's salaries tends to disappear in cases where men and women have the same educational backgrounds.

In all societies people are evaluated on the basis of some characteristic, placed into higher or lower ranking groups, and given differential rewards. Sociologists refer to this process as

Most of the social mobility that took place in the twentieth century was a result of

Chattel slavery is a system whereby

Pick XXX pairs of words from the following list. Define the terms in each pair. Provide an example with each definition. (In your answer, make sure to indicate which terms you are defining!) Definitions

According to McIntyre, which statement is false?

The factors that make up an ethnic group include

Most research suggests that discrimination against minority groups ended in the 1950s and 1960s.

According to sociological research on tracking in schools, developing critical thinking skills and creativity would typically be expected of a __ student, but not a _ student.

In most existing class systems, the individual's status

According to Karl Marx, those who must earn their living by selling their labor make up the

Which of the following types of stratification systems will have rules in place to help people avoid ritual pollution?

Structural mobility refers to mobility that occurs owing to changes in such things as industry, the rate of immigration, and other social factors.

Responding to Chaos: A Brief History of Sociology, the Sociological Eye, Science and Fuzzy Objects: Specialization in Sociology, and Whos Afraid of Sociology

The Vocabulary of Science, and Doing Social Research

Culture

Social Structure

Society and Social Institutions

Socialization

Deviance and Social Control

Filters

Exam 8: Stratification and Inequality, Inequality and Achievement: Social Class, and Inequality and Ascription: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

According to Max Weber, the term "life chances" refers to

According to Karl Marx, a class consists of people

According to Gordon Allport, antilocutions

As far as sociologists are concerned, the concept of "race" is important because

Men tend to earn more than women do, but the difference between men's and women's salaries tends to disappear in cases where men and women have the same educational backgrounds.

In all societies people are evaluated on the basis of some characteristic, placed into higher or lower ranking groups, and given differential rewards. Sociologists refer to this process as

Most of the social mobility that took place in the twentieth century was a result of

Chattel slavery is a system whereby

Pick XXX pairs of words from the following list. Define the terms in each pair. Provide an example with each definition. (In your answer, make sure to indicate which terms you are defining!) Definitions

According to McIntyre, which statement is false?

The factors that make up an ethnic group include

Most research suggests that discrimination against minority groups ended in the 1950s and 1960s.

According to sociological research on tracking in schools, developing critical thinking skills and creativity would typically be expected of a ____________ student, but not a ___________ student.

In most existing class systems, the individual's status

According to Karl Marx, those who must earn their living by selling their labor make up the

Which of the following types of stratification systems will have rules in place to help people avoid ritual pollution?

Structural mobility refers to mobility that occurs owing to changes in such things as industry, the rate of immigration, and other social factors.

Responding to Chaos: A Brief History of Sociology, the Sociological Eye, Science and Fuzzy Objects: Specialization in Sociology, and Whos Afraid of Sociology

The Vocabulary of Science, and Doing Social Research

Culture

Social Structure

Society and Social Institutions

Socialization

Deviance and Social Control

Filters

According to sociological research on tracking in schools, developing critical thinking skills and creativity would typically be expected of a __ student, but not a _ student.