Exam 8: Stratification and Inequality, Inequality and Achievement: Social Class, and Inequality and Ascription: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

Karl Marx used the term ______________ to refer to those who owned the means of production.

__________________ reflect people's beliefs about why it is fair that some people are ranked higher than others and given different rewards.

Which of the following statements is true?

According to Weber, when you have the ability to impose your will on others even when faced with their resistance, you have

Researchers have found that parents' social class has an effect on kids' health and education, but not with their work lives as adults.

Categories of people who, as a result of their shared cultural heritage, are regarded as distinct from the rest of the population are called

You are reading the alumni newsletter from Elite University (a very prestigious institution). In the newsletter it is mentioned that children of "generous" alumni (i.e., those who contribute large amounts of money) are guaranteed admission to the institution, regardless of their grades. Interestingly, you note from the pictures of generous alums that they are all white. You conclude that here is an example of

The assumption that people in different social classes have different patterns of values, beliefs, and norms, and that these make a difference in how easily people can succeed is related to __________Explanations of social stratification.

According to sociological researchers who adhere to structural explanations of poverty, the primary determinant of who gets ahead in society is who works the hardest.

According to Marx, the means of production is the defining characteristic of any society.

Max Weber suggested that

Sociologists use the term _______________ to refer to the creation of layers of people possessing unequal shares of scarce social stuff like income, prestige, and power.

Stratification systems

According to Robert Merton, a "timid bigot"

Kozol's comparison of schools in poor and wealthy neighborhood supports Horace Mann's (1796-1859) theory that schools are the "great equalizers" in US society.

Differences in social-cultural expectations about how males and females ought to behave and their respective rights and duties are known as

Margaret Mead's research in New Guinea marked a turning point for social scientists. More specifically, her research among the Tchambuli, Mundugumor and the Arapesh revealed that

Which of the following statements is true?

______________ mobility is measured from one generation to the next.

Sociologists use the term "gender" to refer to