Exam 4: Physical Development and Health in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Leetia is 2 months old. She is crying throughout the day for several hours at a time. Nothing her parents do for her seems to help. Leetia most probably developed

David has been ill for some time. His weight is about 60% of the norm for his age. There has been a widespread famine in his region, and his parents have a minimal amount of food for the family. The UN care workers are also fearful that David has suffered neurological damage from caloric deficiency. Which of the following diseases best characterizes David?

Julie takes her son Juan for his first physical at 1 month. The physician checks Juan's adaptive reflexes and finds that several have weak responses. The physician suggests more assessment as weak reflexes can be a sign of

______is the theory that states that development is due to a complex interaction between inborn genetic plans and the environment.

______during the first trimester increases the risk of infant mortality.

The _________ was employed by Gibson and Walk to study depth perception in infants.

The ability of 1-month-old infants to see______ is almost identical to that of adults.

Universals in the sequence for motor development offer support for the idea that______Exist for physical maturation.

______reflexes are important for survival.

During the first year of life, the brain and nervous system grow very quickly. Define the following processes of brain development in infancy: synaptogenesis, pruning, plasticity, myelinization. What role does the environment play in brain development?

The effects of damage in an infant's brain caused by alcohol during pregnancy may be reduced by

Olive's son Jarrod is 12 months old. Olive is very timid and she is terrified that Jarrod might fall down the stairs. Therefore, Olive keeps Jarrod in the playpen unless he is in his crib or highchair. Which of the following statements concerning Jarrod's motor development would be supported by dynamic systems theory?

The rate of full immunization of children in the United States rose from 55% in 1992 to 90% in 1999. The main reason for this rise is

Neonates can see 8-12 inches. This is approximately the range from the neonate's eyes to the caregiver's face. This would support which of the following theories?

______is the unexpected death of a healthy infant after the first month of age from no apparent cause.

Myelinization occurs

The neonate is born with two types of reflexes. Define and present two examples of each type.For each example, characterize its developmental pattern. How are reflexes essential to the survival of a neonate?

Researchers employ a number of techniques to investigate the perceptual capabilities of neonates and infants. Present two of these research methods. What type of information do they provide?

______is responsible for the increase in the ability of infants to be awake and alert.

The________ is the least developed area of the brain at birth.