Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding oxygen-carrying capacity?

Accepted Answer

A) It is normal. 
B) It is increased. 
C) It is decreased. 
D) Cannot be determined with the given data. 
A) It is normal. 
B) It is increased. 
C) It is decreased. 
D) Cannot be determined with the given data. C

Question 2

A shift to the right in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve has what effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased 
B) Decreased 
C) No change 
D) Cannot predict the change 
A) Increased 
B) Decreased 
C) No change 
D) Cannot predict the change B

Question 3

What is the normal value for CaO₂?

Accepted Answer

A) 16-20 vol% 
B) 12-16 vol% 
C) 8-12 vol% 
D) 4-8 vol% 
A) 16-20 vol% 
B) 12-16 vol% 
C) 8-12 vol% 
D) 4-8 vol% A

Question 4

Which of the following ratios of HCO₃- /PaCO₂ results in a pH of 7.40?

Accepted Answer

A) 24:1 
B) 20:1 
C) 15:1 
D) 6:0.03 
A) 24:1 
B) 20:1 
C) 15:1 
D) 6:0.03

Question 5

Which of the following is the best indicator of metabolic acid-base status?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma HCO₃- 
B) Base excess 
C) Standard HCO₃- 
D) T40 HCO₃- 
A) Plasma HCO₃- 
B) Base excess 
C) Standard HCO₃- 
D) T40 HCO₃-

Question 6

Which of the following parameters is the respiratory component of acid-base status?

Accepted Answer

A) PaCO₂ 
B) HCO₃- 
C) PaO₂ 
D) Base excess 
A) PaCO₂ 
B) HCO₃- 
C) PaO₂ 
D) Base excess

Question 7

What is the most common physiologic cause of hypoxemia in patients with lung disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypoventilation 
B)    mismatch 
C) Shunt 
D) Diffusion defect 
A) Hypoventilation 
B)    mismatch 
C) Shunt 
D) Diffusion defect

Question 8

A 35-year-old, 54-kg woman with congestive heart failure enters the emergency department short of breath.An ABG shows the following results: pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30 mm Hg, HCO₃- 23 mEq/L, base excess +2 mEq/L
The patient's ABG results indicate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
B) Compensated respiratory acidosis 
C) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
D) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
A) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
B) Compensated respiratory acidosis 
C) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
D) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct representation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Accepted Answer

A) pK = pH - log (PaCO₂ × 0.03)/ HCO₃- 
B) pK = pH - log HCO₃- /(PaCO₂ × 0.03) 
C) pH = pK + log HCO₃- /(PaCO₂ × 0.03) 
D) -pH = pK - log HCO₃- /(PaCO₂ × 0.03) 
A) pK = pH - log (PaCO₂ × 0.03)/ HCO₃- 
B) pK = pH - log HCO₃- /(PaCO₂ × 0.03) 
C) pH = pK + log HCO₃- /(PaCO₂ × 0.03) 
D) -pH = pK - log HCO₃- /(PaCO₂ × 0.03)

Question 10

Which of the following is the most common site for arterial puncture?

Accepted Answer

A) Radial artery 
B) Ulnar artery 
C) Temporal artery 
D) Jugular artery 
A) Radial artery 
B) Ulnar artery 
C) Temporal artery 
D) Jugular artery

Question 11

Which of the following would be best used to assess arterial oxygenation?

Accepted Answer

A) PaO₂ 
B) SaO₂ 
C) CaO₂ 
D) P(A - a)O₂ 
A) PaO₂ 
B) SaO₂ 
C) CaO₂ 
D) P(A - a)O₂

Question 12

What is the primary method of transporting oxygen in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) Dissolved in plasma 
B) Bound to plasma proteins 
C) In the form of HCO₃- 
D) Bound to hemoglobin 
A) Dissolved in plasma 
B) Bound to plasma proteins 
C) In the form of HCO₃- 
D) Bound to hemoglobin

Question 13

What is often the first clinical sign that suggests the presence of hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypotension 
B) Confusion 
C) Decreased level of consciousness 
D) Exertional dyspnea 
A) Hypotension 
B) Confusion 
C) Decreased level of consciousness 
D) Exertional dyspnea

Question 14

What could cause tissue hypoxia with normal arterial oxygenation?

Accepted Answer

A) Inadequate cardiac output 
B) Polycythemia 
C) Leukocytosis 
D) Bradypnea 
A) Inadequate cardiac output 
B) Polycythemia 
C) Leukocytosis 
D) Bradypnea

Question 15

What is the normal value for PaO₂ in the adult patient?

Accepted Answer

A) 50-60 mm Hg 
B) 60-70 mm Hg 
C) 70-80 mm Hg 
D) 80-100 mm Hg 
A) 50-60 mm Hg 
B) 60-70 mm Hg 
C) 70-80 mm Hg 
D) 80-100 mm Hg

Question 16

Answer the following questions based on the following blood gas data:  
Which of the following is true regarding the PaO₂?

Accepted Answer

A) It is adequate. 
B) It shows mild hypoxemia. 
C) It shows moderate hypoxemia. 
D) It shows severe hypoxemia. 
A) It is adequate. 
B) It shows mild hypoxemia. 
C) It shows moderate hypoxemia. 
D) It shows severe hypoxemia.

Question 17

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the term hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs when the patient's PaO₂ is lower than predicted. 
B) It indicates a condition in which tissue oxygenation is inadequate. 
C) It is always considered a severe disorder. 
D) It is independent of the age of the patient. 
A) It occurs when the patient's PaO₂ is lower than predicted. 
B) It indicates a condition in which tissue oxygenation is inadequate. 
C) It is always considered a severe disorder. 
D) It is independent of the age of the patient.

Question 18

Which of the following could cause this patient's problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Anxiety and fear 
B) Acute airway obstruction 
C) Lactic acid production 
D) Drug overdose 
A) Anxiety and fear 
B) Acute airway obstruction 
C) Lactic acid production 
D) Drug overdose

Question 19

What is a decrease in tissue oxygenation called?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypoxia 
B) Hypoxemia 
C) Hypercapnia 
D) Acidosis 
A) Hypoxia 
B) Hypoxemia 
C) Hypercapnia 
D) Acidosis

Question 20

The acid-base status is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
B) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis 
C) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
D) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis 
A) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
B) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis 
C) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
D) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

Exam 8: Interpretation of Blood Gases

Which of the following is true regarding oxygen-carrying capacity?

A shift to the right in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve has what effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

What is the normal value for CaO₂?

Which of the following ratios of HCO₃- /PaCO₂ results in a pH of 7.40?

Which of the following is the best indicator of metabolic acid-base status?

Which of the following parameters is the respiratory component of acid-base status?

What is the most common physiologic cause of hypoxemia in patients with lung disease?

A 35-year-old, 54-kg woman with congestive heart failure enters the emergency department short of breath.An ABG shows the following results: pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30 mm Hg, HCO₃- 23 mEq/L, base excess +2 mEq/L The patient's ABG results indicate which of the following?

Which of the following is a correct representation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Which of the following is the most common site for arterial puncture?

Which of the following would be best used to assess arterial oxygenation?

What is the primary method of transporting oxygen in the blood?

What is often the first clinical sign that suggests the presence of hypoxemia?

What could cause tissue hypoxia with normal arterial oxygenation?

What is the normal value for PaO₂ in the adult patient?

Answer the following questions based on the following blood gas data: Which of the following is true regarding the PaO₂?

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the term hypoxemia?

Which of the following could cause this patient's problem?

What is a decrease in tissue oxygenation called?

The acid-base status is classified as which of the following?

Preparing for the Patient Encounter

The Medical History and the Interview

Cardiopulmonary Symptoms

Vital Signs

Fundamentals of Physical Examination

Neurologic Assessment

Clinical Laboratory Studies

Pulmonary Function Testing

Chest Imaging

Interpretation of Electrocardiogram Tracings

Neonatal and Pediatric Assessment

Older Patient Assessment

Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care

Vascular Pressure Monitoring

Cardiac Output Measurement

Bronchoscopy

Nutrition Assessment

Sleep and Breathing Assessment

Home Care Patient Assessment

Documentation

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