Question 1

Sociologists criticizing control theory point out that control can become a possible cause of deviance.They therefore conclude that most versions of this theory are too

Accepted Answer

A) underdeveloped. 
B) oriented to adult deviance. 
C) simplistic. 
D) focused on society's unattainable goals. 
A) underdeveloped. 
B) oriented to adult deviance. 
C) simplistic. 
D) focused on society's unattainable goals. C

Question 2

There is no reliable evidence to support anomie-strain theory's claim that people of the lower classes are more likely than those of other classes to engage in deviant behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Burgess and Akers argued that before one becomes criminal,a process of __________ must occur where he or she is rewarded for continuing deviant behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) differential reinforcement 
B) differential revulsion 
C) differential learning 
D) differential rejection 
A) differential reinforcement 
B) differential revulsion 
C) differential learning 
D) differential rejection A

Question 4

Cloward and Ohlin called members of the retreatist subculture "double failures" because they fail to gain success in other deviant subcultures and the larger society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In Merton's view,modern,industrialized U.S.society heavily emphasizes the cultural value of community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

All of Jane's friends have jewelry and new clothes,but she has no money to buy them.She therefore resorts to shoplifting to get what she wants.According to Merton's theory,her behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) conformity. 
B) innovation. 
C) ritualism. 
D) retreatism. 
A) conformity. 
B) innovation. 
C) ritualism. 
D) retreatism.

Question 7

An expression of disapproval designed to invoke remorse in the wrongdoer is called

Accepted Answer

A) labeling. 
B) denouncing. 
C) bonding. 
D) shaming. 
A) labeling. 
B) denouncing. 
C) bonding. 
D) shaming.

Question 8

Hank is a sociologist investigating the causes of crime.He is interested in how some areas of the city have traditions of crime that persist over generations,and how individuals easily move into groups following those traditions.What theory of deviance is guiding Hank's research?

Accepted Answer

A) labeling theory 
B) control theory 
C) differential association theory 
D) strain theory 
A) labeling theory 
B) control theory 
C) differential association theory 
D) strain theory

Question 9

According to Cloward and Ohlin,lower-class boys experience different opportunities in the form of three subcultures,which are

Accepted Answer

A) criminal,conflict,and rebellious. 
B) criminal,retreatist,and innovative. 
C) conflict,rebellious,and innovative. 
D) criminal,conflict,and retreatist. 
A) criminal,conflict,and rebellious. 
B) criminal,retreatist,and innovative. 
C) conflict,rebellious,and innovative. 
D) criminal,conflict,and retreatist.

Question 10

________ holds that if an individual associates with people who hold deviant ideas more than with those who embrace conventional ideas,the individual is likely to become deviant.

Accepted Answer

A) Control theory 
B) Differential Association 
C) Anomie-Strain 
D) All Positivist theories 
A) Control theory 
B) Differential Association 
C) Anomie-Strain 
D) All Positivist theories

Question 11

According to Sutherland's differential association theory,a person may become deviant or delinquent when there is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) economic strain produced by a lack of economic opportunity. 
B) political movement that calls for attacks on social inequality. 
C) excess of deviant contacts favorable to violation of the law. 
D) absence of deviant contacts calling for obeying the law. 
A) economic strain produced by a lack of economic opportunity. 
B) political movement that calls for attacks on social inequality. 
C) excess of deviant contacts favorable to violation of the law. 
D) absence of deviant contacts calling for obeying the law.

Question 12

Using Merton's model,what are the preconditions for rebellion?

Accepted Answer

Merton's model of social structure and a

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a primarily positivist theory of deviance?

Accepted Answer

A) differential association 
B) anomie-strain theory 
C) control theory 
D) phenomenological theory 
A) differential association 
B) anomie-strain theory 
C) control theory 
D) phenomenological theory

Question 14

Cloward and Ohlin used the concept of differential illegitimate opportunity to mean that some members of the lower class have

Accepted Answer

A) a greater chance to become middle class through use of illegitimate and legitimate opportunities. 
B) more opportunities to pursue legitimate and conforming activities. 
C) more positivist cultural values than others. 
D) fewer opportunities to pursue illegitimate opportunities. 
A) a greater chance to become middle class through use of illegitimate and legitimate opportunities. 
B) more opportunities to pursue legitimate and conforming activities. 
C) more positivist cultural values than others. 
D) fewer opportunities to pursue illegitimate opportunities.

Question 15

According to Merton,the only cultural value of importance in American society is

Accepted Answer

A) family relationships. 
B) hard work. 
C) material success. 
D) religious faith. 
A) family relationships. 
B) hard work. 
C) material success. 
D) religious faith.

Question 16

According to control theories of deviance,the central question is

Accepted Answer

A) what causes deviance. 
B) what causes conformity. 
C) what causes criminality. 
D) what is the definition of deviance. 
A) what causes deviance. 
B) what causes conformity. 
C) what causes criminality. 
D) what is the definition of deviance.

Question 17

If a society makes a deviant feel guilty while showing understanding and forgiveness,it practices __________ shaming.

Accepted Answer

A) bureaucratic 
B) disintegrative 
C) reintegrative 
D) degrading 
A) bureaucratic 
B) disintegrative 
C) reintegrative 
D) degrading

Question 18

Discuss the essential premise of control theory that we are all deviant by nature.Do we have animalistic impulses that need control? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The essential premise of control theory

Question 19

Most control theorists seem to

Accepted Answer

A) imply that too much social control will force criminals to commit more crimes. 
B) accept the Freudian assumption that our inborn animal impulses,if unchecked,will turn into deviant behavior. 
C) accept the notion that one has to learn some skill and ideology in order to commit deviance. 
D) assume that social control often indirectly or unexpectedly causes deviant behavior. 
A) imply that too much social control will force criminals to commit more crimes. 
B) accept the Freudian assumption that our inborn animal impulses,if unchecked,will turn into deviant behavior. 
C) accept the notion that one has to learn some skill and ideology in order to commit deviance. 
D) assume that social control often indirectly or unexpectedly causes deviant behavior.

Question 20

Explain Cohen's five typologies of response to the goal-means gap and illustrate each with an example.

Accepted Answer

Cohen's five typologies of response to t

Sociologists criticizing control theory point out that control can become a possible cause of deviance.They therefore conclude that most versions of this theory are too

There is no reliable evidence to support anomie-strain theory's claim that people of the lower classes are more likely than those of other classes to engage in deviant behavior.

Burgess and Akers argued that before one becomes criminal,a process of __________ must occur where he or she is rewarded for continuing deviant behavior.

Cloward and Ohlin called members of the retreatist subculture "double failures" because they fail to gain success in other deviant subcultures and the larger society.

In Merton's view,modern,industrialized U.S.society heavily emphasizes the cultural value of community.

All of Jane's friends have jewelry and new clothes,but she has no money to buy them.She therefore resorts to shoplifting to get what she wants.According to Merton's theory,her behavior is an example of

An expression of disapproval designed to invoke remorse in the wrongdoer is called

Hank is a sociologist investigating the causes of crime.He is interested in how some areas of the city have traditions of crime that persist over generations,and how individuals easily move into groups following those traditions.What theory of deviance is guiding Hank's research?

According to Cloward and Ohlin,lower-class boys experience different opportunities in the form of three subcultures,which are

________ holds that if an individual associates with people who hold deviant ideas more than with those who embrace conventional ideas,the individual is likely to become deviant.

According to Sutherland's differential association theory,a person may become deviant or delinquent when there is a(n)

Using Merton's model,what are the preconditions for rebellion?

Which of the following is NOT a primarily positivist theory of deviance?

Cloward and Ohlin used the concept of differential illegitimate opportunity to mean that some members of the lower class have

According to Merton,the only cultural value of importance in American society is

According to control theories of deviance,the central question is

If a society makes a deviant feel guilty while showing understanding and forgiveness,it practices __________ shaming.

Discuss the essential premise of control theory that we are all deviant by nature.Do we have animalistic impulses that need control? Why or why not?

Most control theorists seem to

Explain Cohen's five typologies of response to the goal-means gap and illustrate each with an example.

What Is Deviant Behavior

Constructionist Theories

Physical Violence

Sexual Assault and Child Molestation

Family Violence

Suicide and Self-Harm

Mental Disorder

Heterosexual Deviance

Gays and Other Targets of Stigma

Internet Deviance

Drug Use

Drinking and Alcoholism

Privileged Deviance

Underprivileged Deviance

Filters

Exam 2: Positivist Theories

Sociologists criticizing control theory point out that control can become a possible cause of deviance.They therefore conclude that most versions of this theory are too

There is no reliable evidence to support anomie-strain theory's claim that people of the lower classes are more likely than those of other classes to engage in deviant behavior.

Burgess and Akers argued that before one becomes criminal,a process of __________ must occur where he or she is rewarded for continuing deviant behavior.

Cloward and Ohlin called members of the retreatist subculture "double failures" because they fail to gain success in other deviant subcultures and the larger society.

In Merton's view,modern,industrialized U.S.society heavily emphasizes the cultural value of community.

All of Jane's friends have jewelry and new clothes,but she has no money to buy them.She therefore resorts to shoplifting to get what she wants.According to Merton's theory,her behavior is an example of

An expression of disapproval designed to invoke remorse in the wrongdoer is called

Hank is a sociologist investigating the causes of crime.He is interested in how some areas of the city have traditions of crime that persist over generations,and how individuals easily move into groups following those traditions.What theory of deviance is guiding Hank's research?

According to Cloward and Ohlin,lower-class boys experience different opportunities in the form of three subcultures,which are

________ holds that if an individual associates with people who hold deviant ideas more than with those who embrace conventional ideas,the individual is likely to become deviant.

According to Sutherland's differential association theory,a person may become deviant or delinquent when there is a(n)

Using Merton's model,what are the preconditions for rebellion?

Which of the following is NOT a primarily positivist theory of deviance?

Cloward and Ohlin used the concept of differential illegitimate opportunity to mean that some members of the lower class have

According to Merton,the only cultural value of importance in American society is

According to control theories of deviance,the central question is

If a society makes a deviant feel guilty while showing understanding and forgiveness,it practices __________ shaming.

Discuss the essential premise of control theory that we are all deviant by nature.Do we have animalistic impulses that need control? Why or why not?

Most control theorists seem to

Explain Cohen's five typologies of response to the goal-means gap and illustrate each with an example.

What Is Deviant Behavior

Constructionist Theories

Physical Violence

Sexual Assault and Child Molestation

Family Violence

Suicide and Self-Harm

Mental Disorder

Heterosexual Deviance

Gays and Other Targets of Stigma

Internet Deviance

Drug Use

Drinking and Alcoholism

Privileged Deviance

Underprivileged Deviance

Filters