Question 1

According to Messner and Rosenfeld,lack of opportunity is the primary and overwhelming factor that contributes to people resorting to illegal means of achieving success.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Glaser tried to extend Sutherland's theory by arguing that the individual must first identify with criminals before being influenced by them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Sutherland developed his theory of differential association in order to explain criminality as an individual,but not a group phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

According to Hirschi's theory of social control,if elements of bonding to society are weak,the individual might

Accepted Answer

A) have strong self-control. 
B) have a good self-concept. 
C) develop a strong goal orientation. 
D) slide into deviance. 
A) have strong self-control. 
B) have a good self-concept. 
C) develop a strong goal orientation. 
D) slide into deviance.

Question 5

One essential part of differential association theory is the assertion that the process of learning to become a criminal is the same as the process of learning to become a normal person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The theory of __________ association says that if a person associates with criminal patterns more than with anticriminal patterns,that person is likely to become criminal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory of __________ association says that...

Question 7

If a wrongdoer is punished in such a way as to be stigmatized,rejected,or ostracized,the individual experiences __________ shaming.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a wrongdoer is punished in such...

Question 8

Cohen's theory utilizes which group to illustrate status frustration?

Accepted Answer

A) upper-class boys. 
B) middle-class boys. 
C) lower-class boys. 
D) lower-class girls. 
A) upper-class boys. 
B) middle-class boys. 
C) lower-class boys. 
D) lower-class girls.

Question 9

Under Merton's Anomie-Strain Theory,the breakdown of social norms is a result of ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A) Lack of legitimate opportunities to succeed 
B) Lack of societal expectations of ambition 
C) Lack of societally approved goals 
D) An overwhelming amount of social norms to follow 
A) Lack of legitimate opportunities to succeed 
B) Lack of societal expectations of ambition 
C) Lack of societally approved goals 
D) An overwhelming amount of social norms to follow

Question 10

According to Merton,the access to the institutionalized means of achieving high success goals is not equally distributed in American society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

If persons lower their aspirations or abandon high success goals but continue to work hard,they are involved in what Merton called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If persons lower their aspirations or abandon...

Question 12

Many sociologists have criticized Merton's version of anomie-strain theory for assuming that lower-class people

Accepted Answer

A) are entirely dishonest. 
B) have the same level of success aspirations as other social classes. 
C) have higher levels of success aspirations than others. 
D) are poor because they have deviant values. 
A) are entirely dishonest. 
B) have the same level of success aspirations as other social classes. 
C) have higher levels of success aspirations than others. 
D) are poor because they have deviant values.

Question 13

The theories of positivist sociologists attempt to explain the __________ of deviance.

Accepted Answer

A) negative features 
B) symbolism 
C) causes 
D) meanings 
A) negative features 
B) symbolism 
C) causes 
D) meanings

Question 14

Cloward and Ohlin attempt to extend Merton's central idea that the lower classes are denied legitimate opportunity by introducing the concept of

Accepted Answer

A) status frustration. 
B) the means-goal gap. 
C) differential illegitimate opportunity. 
D) differential legitimate opportunity. 
A) status frustration. 
B) the means-goal gap. 
C) differential illegitimate opportunity. 
D) differential legitimate opportunity.

Question 15

Sutherland's Social Learning Theory purports that deviant behavior is learned via cultural values of success.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

According to Cohen's theory,the place in American society where lower-class boys experience the greatest status frustration is

Accepted Answer

A) home. 
B) school. 
C) neighborhood. 
D) the job. 
A) home. 
B) school. 
C) neighborhood. 
D) the job.

Question 17

Merton's version of anomie-strain theory is based on the premise that

Accepted Answer

A) the breakdown of social norms,or anomie,inhibits deviance. 
B) society encourages the individual to engage in deviance. 
C) deviant behavior is the expression of the individual's primitive psychological desires. 
D) society cannot restrain the individual from using power to prevent deviance. 
A) the breakdown of social norms,or anomie,inhibits deviance. 
B) society encourages the individual to engage in deviance. 
C) deviant behavior is the expression of the individual's primitive psychological desires. 
D) society cannot restrain the individual from using power to prevent deviance.

Question 18

What are the strengths and weaknesses in the positivist theory in explaining deviance?

Accepted Answer

The positivist theory of deviance, which

Question 19

The kind of deviant subculture Ohlin and Cloward studied that provides the best illegitimate opportunity for achieving success goals is the __________ subculture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The kind of deviant subculture Ohlin and...

Question 20

Albert Cohen's theory is similar to Merton's approach,but Cohen replaced the word "success" with the word "__________."

Accepted Answer

A) wealth 
B) innovation 
C) anomie 
D) status 
A) wealth 
B) innovation 
C) anomie 
D) status

According to Messner and Rosenfeld,lack of opportunity is the primary and overwhelming factor that contributes to people resorting to illegal means of achieving success.

Glaser tried to extend Sutherland's theory by arguing that the individual must first identify with criminals before being influenced by them.

Sutherland developed his theory of differential association in order to explain criminality as an individual,but not a group phenomenon.

According to Hirschi's theory of social control,if elements of bonding to society are weak,the individual might

One essential part of differential association theory is the assertion that the process of learning to become a criminal is the same as the process of learning to become a normal person.

The theory of __________ association says that if a person associates with criminal patterns more than with anticriminal patterns,that person is likely to become criminal.

If a wrongdoer is punished in such a way as to be stigmatized,rejected,or ostracized,the individual experiences __________ shaming.

Cohen's theory utilizes which group to illustrate status frustration?

Under Merton's Anomie-Strain Theory,the breakdown of social norms is a result of ___________________.

According to Merton,the access to the institutionalized means of achieving high success goals is not equally distributed in American society.

If persons lower their aspirations or abandon high success goals but continue to work hard,they are involved in what Merton called __________.

Many sociologists have criticized Merton's version of anomie-strain theory for assuming that lower-class people

The theories of positivist sociologists attempt to explain the __________ of deviance.

Cloward and Ohlin attempt to extend Merton's central idea that the lower classes are denied legitimate opportunity by introducing the concept of

Sutherland's Social Learning Theory purports that deviant behavior is learned via cultural values of success.

According to Cohen's theory,the place in American society where lower-class boys experience the greatest status frustration is

Merton's version of anomie-strain theory is based on the premise that

What are the strengths and weaknesses in the positivist theory in explaining deviance?

The kind of deviant subculture Ohlin and Cloward studied that provides the best illegitimate opportunity for achieving success goals is the __________ subculture.

Albert Cohen's theory is similar to Merton's approach,but Cohen replaced the word "success" with the word "__________."

What Is Deviant Behavior

Constructionist Theories

Physical Violence

Sexual Assault and Child Molestation

Family Violence

Suicide and Self-Harm

Mental Disorder

Heterosexual Deviance

Gays and Other Targets of Stigma

Internet Deviance

Drug Use

Drinking and Alcoholism

Privileged Deviance

Underprivileged Deviance

Filters

Exam 2: Positivist Theories

According to Messner and Rosenfeld,lack of opportunity is the primary and overwhelming factor that contributes to people resorting to illegal means of achieving success.

Glaser tried to extend Sutherland's theory by arguing that the individual must first identify with criminals before being influenced by them.

Sutherland developed his theory of differential association in order to explain criminality as an individual,but not a group phenomenon.

According to Hirschi's theory of social control,if elements of bonding to society are weak,the individual might

One essential part of differential association theory is the assertion that the process of learning to become a criminal is the same as the process of learning to become a normal person.

The theory of __________ association says that if a person associates with criminal patterns more than with anticriminal patterns,that person is likely to become criminal.

If a wrongdoer is punished in such a way as to be stigmatized,rejected,or ostracized,the individual experiences __________ shaming.

Cohen's theory utilizes which group to illustrate status frustration?

Under Merton's Anomie-Strain Theory,the breakdown of social norms is a result of ___________________.

According to Merton,the access to the institutionalized means of achieving high success goals is not equally distributed in American society.

If persons lower their aspirations or abandon high success goals but continue to work hard,they are involved in what Merton called __________.

Many sociologists have criticized Merton's version of anomie-strain theory for assuming that lower-class people

The theories of positivist sociologists attempt to explain the __________ of deviance.

Cloward and Ohlin attempt to extend Merton's central idea that the lower classes are denied legitimate opportunity by introducing the concept of

Sutherland's Social Learning Theory purports that deviant behavior is learned via cultural values of success.

According to Cohen's theory,the place in American society where lower-class boys experience the greatest status frustration is

Merton's version of anomie-strain theory is based on the premise that

What are the strengths and weaknesses in the positivist theory in explaining deviance?

The kind of deviant subculture Ohlin and Cloward studied that provides the best illegitimate opportunity for achieving success goals is the __________ subculture.

Albert Cohen's theory is similar to Merton's approach,but Cohen replaced the word "success" with the word "__________."

What Is Deviant Behavior

Constructionist Theories

Physical Violence

Sexual Assault and Child Molestation

Family Violence

Suicide and Self-Harm

Mental Disorder

Heterosexual Deviance

Gays and Other Targets of Stigma

Internet Deviance

Drug Use

Drinking and Alcoholism

Privileged Deviance

Underprivileged Deviance

Filters