Question 1

What are the basic properties of action potentials

Accepted Answer

An important property of the action potential is that it is a propagated response - once the response is triggered, it travels all the way down the axon without decreasing in size.
Another property is that the action potential remains the same size no matter how intense the stimulus is. Changing the stimulus intensity does not affect the size of the action potentials but does affect the rate of firing.
Although increasing the stimulus intensity can increase the rate of firing, there is an upper limit to the number of nerve impulses per second that can be conducted down an axon. This limit occurs because of a property of the axon called the refractory period - the interval between the time one nerve impulse occurs and the next one can be generated in the axon.
Action potentials that occur in the absence of stimuli from the environment are called spontaneous activity. This spontaneous activity establishes a baseline level of firing for the neuron.

Question 2

Individuals with myopia may have difficulty seeing _____ objects clearly. Often times, they are also referred to as being _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nearby; farsighted 
B)  nearby; nearsighted 
C)  distant; farsighted 
D)  distant; nearsighted 
A)  nearby; farsighted 
B)  nearby; nearsighted 
C)  distant; farsighted 
D)  distant; nearsighted D

Question 3

The difficulty of reading under dim light conditions can be explained by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the increased sensitivity of cones under low light conditions 
B)  the increased acuity of cones under low light conditions 
C)  the fact that rod functioning predominates during dark adaptation, resulting in poor acuity 
D)  the fact that cone functioning predominates during dark adaptation, resulting in poor acuity 
A)  the increased sensitivity of cones under low light conditions 
B)  the increased acuity of cones under low light conditions 
C)  the fact that rod functioning predominates during dark adaptation, resulting in poor acuity 
D)  the fact that cone functioning predominates during dark adaptation, resulting in poor acuity C

Question 4

Describe how preferential looking and visual evoked potentials technique have been used to study infant perception.

Accepted Answer

In the preferential looking (PL) techniq

Question 5

As stimulus intensity is increased, recording from a single neuron shows that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the amplitude of the action potential increases 
B)  the amplitude of the action potential decreases 
C)  the amplitude of the action potential may increase or decrease, depending on the stimulus 
D)  the rate of firing of the nerve fiber increases 
A)  the amplitude of the action potential increases 
B)  the amplitude of the action potential decreases 
C)  the amplitude of the action potential may increase or decrease, depending on the stimulus 
D)  the rate of firing of the nerve fiber increases

Question 6

To isolate the rod portion of the dark adaptation curve, researchers _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  use rod monochromats as the participants 
B)  present the stimulus foveally 
C)  present the stimulus in the periphery 
D)  use cone monochromats as participants 
A)  use rod monochromats as the participants 
B)  present the stimulus foveally 
C)  present the stimulus in the periphery 
D)  use cone monochromats as participants

Question 7

There are ____ different cone receptors, each with different absorption spectra.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  7 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  7

Question 8

In the early stages of _____, peripheral rod receptors are destroyed leading to poorer peripheral vision.

Accepted Answer

A)  macular degeneration 
B)  retinitis pigmentosa 
C)  presbyopia 
D)  retinal hypopolarization 
A)  macular degeneration 
B)  retinitis pigmentosa 
C)  presbyopia 
D)  retinal hypopolarization

Question 9

A wavelength of 10,000 meters would fall in the _____ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Accepted Answer

A)  X-rays 
B)  radio wave 
C)  infrared rays 
D)  gamma rays 
A)  X-rays 
B)  radio wave 
C)  infrared rays 
D)  gamma rays

Question 10

_____ is necessary for the neural transmission and processing of information.

Accepted Answer

A)  Only inhibition 
B)  Only excitation 
C)  Only equalization 
D)  Both inhibition and excitation 
A)  Only inhibition 
B)  Only excitation 
C)  Only equalization 
D)  Both inhibition and excitation

Question 11

The rate of firing of the postsynaptic neuron depends on the amount of _____ input it receives from the presynaptic neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  excitation 
B)  inhibition 
C)  equalization 
D)  both excitation and inhibition 
A)  excitation 
B)  inhibition 
C)  equalization 
D)  both excitation and inhibition

Question 12

In _____, the eyeball is too long, resulting in difficulty seeing far objects.

Accepted Answer

A)  axial myopia 
B)  refractive myopia 
C)  axial hyperopia 
D)  refractive hyperopia 
A)  axial myopia 
B)  refractive myopia 
C)  axial hyperopia 
D)  refractive hyperopia

Question 13

At the beginning of the action potential, _____ ions flow from outside the nerve fiber into the nerve fiber.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive potassium 
B)  negative potassium 
C)  positive sodium 
D)  negative sodium 
A)  positive potassium 
B)  negative potassium 
C)  positive sodium 
D)  negative sodium

Question 14

Visible light is between _____ and _____ nm within the electromagnetic spectrum.

Accepted Answer

A)  100; 400 
B)  400; 700 
C)  500; 1000 
D)  900; 1500 
A)  100; 400 
B)  400; 700 
C)  500; 1000 
D)  900; 1500

Question 15

The _____ analogy is used to describe the relationship of neurotransmitters with receptor sites.

Accepted Answer

A)  "needle in a haystack" 
B)  "lock and key" 
C)  "stadium wave" 
D)  "rolling stone" 
A)  "needle in a haystack" 
B)  "lock and key" 
C)  "stadium wave" 
D)  "rolling stone"

Question 16

The blind spot is located _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  in the fovea 
B)  in the vitreous 
C)  where the optic nerve leaves the eye 
D)  at the optic chiasm 
A)  in the fovea 
B)  in the vitreous 
C)  where the optic nerve leaves the eye 
D)  at the optic chiasm

Question 17

_______ reacts to light to start the process of transduction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Opsin 
B)  Retinal 
C)  Choroid 
D)  Thyric acid 
A)  Opsin 
B)  Retinal 
C)  Choroid 
D)  Thyric acid

Question 18

When visual pigments become bleached they are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  dead 
B)  fully regenerated 
C)  color sensitive 
D)  detached from the opsin 
A)  dead 
B)  fully regenerated 
C)  color sensitive 
D)  detached from the opsin

Question 19

Jan tries to focus on the tip of her pencil as she brings it closer to her. She feels the strain on her eye as she does this. What she is feeling in her eye is due to the process called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition 
B)  reflection 
C)  accommodation 
D)  assimilation 
A)  inhibition 
B)  reflection 
C)  accommodation 
D)  assimilation

Question 20

Draw a graph (with appropriate axis labels) of the dark adaptation curve.
(b) Describe the methodology used to isolate the rod component of the curve, and the cone component.

Accepted Answer

Refer to Figure 2.13 in the text, whic

What are the basic properties of action potentials

Individuals with myopia may have difficulty seeing _ objects clearly. Often times, they are also referred to as being _.

The difficulty of reading under dim light conditions can be explained by _____.

Describe how preferential looking and visual evoked potentials technique have been used to study infant perception.

As stimulus intensity is increased, recording from a single neuron shows that _____.

To isolate the rod portion of the dark adaptation curve, researchers _____.

There are ____ different cone receptors, each with different absorption spectra.

In the early stages of _____, peripheral rod receptors are destroyed leading to poorer peripheral vision.

A wavelength of 10,000 meters would fall in the _____ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

_____ is necessary for the neural transmission and processing of information.

The rate of firing of the postsynaptic neuron depends on the amount of _____ input it receives from the presynaptic neuron.

In _____, the eyeball is too long, resulting in difficulty seeing far objects.

At the beginning of the action potential, _____ ions flow from outside the nerve fiber into the nerve fiber.

Visible light is between _ and _ nm within the electromagnetic spectrum.

The _____ analogy is used to describe the relationship of neurotransmitters with receptor sites.

The blind spot is located _____.

_______ reacts to light to start the process of transduction.

When visual pigments become bleached they are _____.

Jan tries to focus on the tip of her pencil as she brings it closer to her. She feels the strain on her eye as she does this. What she is feeling in her eye is due to the process called _____.

Draw a graph (with appropriate axis labels) of the dark adaptation curve. (b) Describe the methodology used to isolate the rod component of the curve, and the cone component.

Introduction to Perception

Neural Processing

Cortical Organization

Perceiving Objects and Scenes

Visual Attention

Taking Action

Perceiving Motion

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth and Size

Hearing I: Basic Processes and Pitch Perception

Hearing II: Location and Organization

Speech Perception

The Cutaneous Senses

The Chemical Senses

Filters

Exam 2: The Beginning of the Perceptual Process

What are the basic properties of action potentials

Individuals with myopia may have difficulty seeing _____ objects clearly. Often times, they are also referred to as being _____.

The difficulty of reading under dim light conditions can be explained by _____.

Describe how preferential looking and visual evoked potentials technique have been used to study infant perception.

As stimulus intensity is increased, recording from a single neuron shows that _____.

To isolate the rod portion of the dark adaptation curve, researchers _____.

There are ____ different cone receptors, each with different absorption spectra.

In the early stages of _____, peripheral rod receptors are destroyed leading to poorer peripheral vision.

A wavelength of 10,000 meters would fall in the _____ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

_____ is necessary for the neural transmission and processing of information.

The rate of firing of the postsynaptic neuron depends on the amount of _____ input it receives from the presynaptic neuron.

In _____, the eyeball is too long, resulting in difficulty seeing far objects.

At the beginning of the action potential, _____ ions flow from outside the nerve fiber into the nerve fiber.

Visible light is between _____ and _____ nm within the electromagnetic spectrum.

The _____ analogy is used to describe the relationship of neurotransmitters with receptor sites.

The blind spot is located _____.

_______ reacts to light to start the process of transduction.

When visual pigments become bleached they are _____.

Jan tries to focus on the tip of her pencil as she brings it closer to her. She feels the strain on her eye as she does this. What she is feeling in her eye is due to the process called _____.

Draw a graph (with appropriate axis labels) of the dark adaptation curve. (b) Describe the methodology used to isolate the rod component of the curve, and the cone component.

Introduction to Perception

Neural Processing

Cortical Organization

Perceiving Objects and Scenes

Visual Attention

Taking Action

Perceiving Motion

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth and Size

Hearing I: Basic Processes and Pitch Perception

Hearing II: Location and Organization

Speech Perception

The Cutaneous Senses

The Chemical Senses

Filters

Individuals with myopia may have difficulty seeing _ objects clearly. Often times, they are also referred to as being _.

Visible light is between _ and _ nm within the electromagnetic spectrum.