Exam 1: An Introduction to Psychology

At Folger University, Drs. Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group; their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. In this experiment, word recall is the _____ variable.

On a scatterplot, the more dispersed the dots are vertically, the lower the correlation.

A personality questionnaire is most likely used in naturalistic observation research.

When psychologists describe behavior, they:

Consider some of the graphs you've seen in your text or elsewhere. Then imagine an experiment in which researchers compared the effects on problem solving of the administration of either Vitamin D or a placebo. In portraying the results of this experiment, the administration condition would appear on the _____-axis; a ______ graph would be most appropriate.

A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a complex experience in as much detail as possible is called:

Which location is associated with the formal beginning of psychology?

A correlation coefficient close to either -1.00 or 1.00 is termed a _____ correlation.

Which method relies on questionnaires or interviews?

The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher.

Which descriptive research technique is correctly matched with a key advantage?

At the heart of the humanistic perspective is the concept of:

The Renaissance philosopher John Locke argued that our knowledge is acquired solely through experience. Locke's position reflects the legacy of the Greek philosopher:

Shaping and modifying behavior is the essence of psychology's _____ goal.

The text describes the plight of 33 Chilean miners trapped for months underground. State one hypothesis suggested by the miners' experience. Be sure to operationalize the variables in your hypothesis. Describe how the hypothesis might be examined by one of the research designs described in the textbook.

What is the relationship among psychology, pseudopsychology, and critical thinking?

In an experiment, the independent variable is:

Which statement is True regarding the use of deception in psychological research?

A placebo is given to members of the _____ group.

Suggest (a) two variables that are most likely positively correlated; (b) two variables that are most likely negatively correlated; and (c) two variables that are probably uncorrelated. Portray the relationship between each pair of variables graphically, making sure to label all axes correctly.