Exam 15: Population and Urbanization
English economist Thomas Malthus argued that the population would increase in a geometric (exponential) progression whereas the food supply would increase only by an arithmetic progression; thus, a __________ occurs.
A
Describe the Neo-Malthusian perspective on population growth.
More recently, neo-Malthusians (or new Malthusians) have reemphasized the dangers of overpopulation. To neo-Malthusians, Earth is "a dying planet" with too many people and too little food, and the food shortage is compounded by environmental degradation. Overpopulation and rapid population growth result in global environmental problems, ranging from global warming and rain-forest destruction to famine and?vulnerability to epidemics. Unless significant changes are made, including improving the status of women, reducing racism and religious prejudice, reforming the agriculture system, and shrinking the growing gap between rich and poor, the consequences will be dire. Early neo-Malthusians published birth control handbooks, and widespread acceptance of birth control eventually reduced the connection between people's sexual conduct and fertility. Later neo-Malthusians have encouraged people to be part of the solution to the problem of overpopulation by having only one or two children in order to bring about zero population growth-the point at which no population increase occurs from year to year because the number of births plus immigrants is equal to the number of deaths plus emigrants.
In 2012, the U.S. infant mortality rate for African American infants was __________ per 1,000 live births.
B
__________ is an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year.
The __________ is considered an important reflection of a society's level of preventive medical care, maternal nutrition, childbirth procedures, and neonatal care for infants.
Once a flow of international migration has begun, the pattern may continue because immigrants have personal ties with relatives and friends who are potential migrants to the new country. This is the essence of __________.
Discuss mortality within a global context. Define the terms demographers use to study mortality. Discuss changes in levels and causes of mortality over time and in different types of countries.
Which of these is not one of the factors noted in the text for limiting the size of preindustrial cities?
In 2012, the U.S. infant mortality rate for white infants was __________ per 1,000 live births.
In urbanized areas, __________ may be measured by the number of people who live per room, per block, or per square mile.
According to the categories defined by the United Nations, the United States is a __________ country.
In low-income, less-developed nations, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death.
__________ is the movement of people into a geographic area to take up residency; __________ is the movement of people out of a geographic area to take up residency elsewhere.
In 1900, the leading cause of death in the United States was __________.
Across the world there is a general trend toward__________________.
The demographic transition is an accurate model for describing the process of population growth in all societies.
Cities undergo economic recovery more quickly than do entire nations.
In the United States, after the Civil War, thousands of African Americans moved from the South to the North. This is an example of __________ .
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