Exam 6: Deviance and Crime

Chambliss's study of the "Saints" and the "Roughnecks," names he gave to two groups of boys in high school, is a now-classic example used to illustrate __________.

People in which of these racial/ethnic groups have been the most overrepresented in official crime statistics?

__________ is punishment that a person receives for infringing on the rights of others. It imposes a penalty on the offender and is based on the premise that the punishment should fit the crime.

A group of protestors appeals their arrest on the grounds that police officers overstepped their authority. The case goes to court. This scenario best illustrates which of these functions of deviance?​

According to Merton's strain theory, __________ occurs when people accept culturally approved goals and pursue them through approved means.

Explain the labeling theory of deviance.

__________ focus on social processes, such as how people develop a self-concept and learn conforming behavior through socialization. According to this approach, deviance is learned in the same way as conformity-through engagement with others.

According to Merton's strain theory, __________ occurs when people abandon both the approved goals and the approved means of achieving them.

Define organized crime, including the reasons it is so successful and how it has become integrated into society, which makes it difficult to control.

__________ is based on the assumption that offenders who are detained in prison or are executed will be unable to commit additional crimes.

The primary difference between organized crime and terrorism is motivation.

__________ social control takes place through the socialization process.

Which function of deviance is illustrated by the recent Occupy Wall Street protesters?​

The term __________ refers to illegal or unethical acts involving the use of power by government officials, or illegal/unethical acts perpetrated against the government in efforts to usurp power.

Discuss labeling theory; explain how the concept of "moral entrepreneur" could relate to conflict theory.

Corporate crimes are often more costly in terms of money and lives lost than violent crimes.

The __________ feminist approach is based on the assumption that women are exploited by both capitalism and patriarchy. From this approach, women's criminal behavior is linked to gender conflict created by the economic and social struggle that often takes place in postindustrial societies.

From the functionalist perspective, a certain amount of deviance is necessary for the smooth functioning of society.

Based on their research, sociologists Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin identified three basic gang types on the basis of the type of illegitimate opportunity structure available in a specific area. Which of these is not one of the types they identified?​

Hirschi's social bonding theory emphasizes__________________________.