Exam 16: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change

Collective behavior can best be understood using theories that apply to individual behavior, since a collectivity is essentially the sum of the actions of many different individuals.

Widespread discontent alone does not produce a social movement.

__________ refer(s) to unsubstantiated reports on an issue or subject.

A(n) __________ is a relatively large number of people who are in one another's immediate vicinity.

__________ is voluntary, often spontaneous activity that is engaged in by a large number of people and typically violates dominant-group norms and values.

__________ theory takes into account the complexity of social movements and makes it possible to test assertions regarding the necessary and sufficient conditions that produce such movements.

__________ movements seek to bring about a total change in society. These movements usually do not attempt to work within the existing system; rather, they aim to remake the system by replacing existing institutions with new ones.

Mob violence tends to dissipate relatively quickly once a target has been injured, killed, or destroyed.

Sociologists using the __________ approach are interested in how individuals in a given collectivity learn about what is going on, how to interpret activities, and how to behave.

The term __________ refers to nonviolent action that seeks to change a policy or law by refusing to comply with it.

Sociologist __________ asserted that fashion serves mainly to institutionalize conspicuous consumption among the wealthy.

By definition, fads last longer than fashions.

The text observes that most sociological research on fashion has focused on __________.

The first U.S. sociologist to investigate crowd behavior was __________.

The social constructionist theorists have identified three ways of framing an issue. A __________ frame presents solutions or remedies based on the target that has been identified.

Sociologists define __________ as the alteration, modification, or transformation of public policy, culture, or social institutions over time.

__________ crowds provide opportunities for the display of some strong emotion (such as joy, excitement, or grief). People release their pent-up emotions in conjunction with other persons experiencing similar emotions.

Propaganda______________.

Facebook friends and people following someone on Twitter are examples of technology used to create a(n) __________ .

As a social movement develops, leaders emerge to organize others and give them a sense of direction. This is the value-added condition of __________.