Question 1

Iatrogenic diseases:

Accepted Answer

A) include nosocomial infections 
B) have no known causes 
C) can be caused by chemicals, physical agents or viruses 
D) are present at birth 
A) include nosocomial infections 
B) have no known causes 
C) can be caused by chemicals, physical agents or viruses 
D) are present at birth A

Question 2

Alpha-hemolysins:

Accepted Answer

A) are neurotoxins 
B) are exotoxins 
C) are enzymes that synthesize hemoglobin 
D) two of the above 
A) are neurotoxins 
B) are exotoxins 
C) are enzymes that synthesize hemoglobin 
D) two of the above B

Question 3

Which of the following microbes easily satisfies Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

A) Fastidious bacteria 
B) Sepsis for which many microbes are regularly isolated 
C) Hepatitis C for which there is no suitable animal model 
D) Yersinia, the causative agent of plague as it can be isolated from sick patients 
A) Fastidious bacteria 
B) Sepsis for which many microbes are regularly isolated 
C) Hepatitis C for which there is no suitable animal model 
D) Yersinia, the causative agent of plague as it can be isolated from sick patients D

Question 4

What is a disease referred to when symptoms develop rapidly and it runs its course quickly?

Accepted Answer

A) primary infection 
B) acute infection 
C) subacute infection 
D) chronic infection 
A) primary infection 
B) acute infection 
C) subacute infection 
D) chronic infection

Question 5

Toxoid:

Accepted Answer

A) is an altered toxin that retains its antigenicity 
B) is an endotoxin 
C) is insoluble in host tissues 
D) destroys or damages neutrophils 
A) is an altered toxin that retains its antigenicity 
B) is an endotoxin 
C) is insoluble in host tissues 
D) destroys or damages neutrophils

Question 6

All of the following are true of most diseases caused by a fungus except:

Accepted Answer

A) fungal spores enter the body through a cut or a wound 
B) fungi could release enzymes that attack host cells 
C) fungi can digest and invade neighboring host cells 
D) fungi can use its flagellum to expel tissue fluids 
A) fungal spores enter the body through a cut or a wound 
B) fungi could release enzymes that attack host cells 
C) fungi can digest and invade neighboring host cells 
D) fungi can use its flagellum to expel tissue fluids

Question 7

A productive infection:

Accepted Answer

A) has continued and prolonged production of viruses in a host 
B) is controlled by the host immune system and later causes disease 
C) occurs when the virus enters the cell and produces offspring 
D) often leads to a viral syndrome 
A) has continued and prolonged production of viruses in a host 
B) is controlled by the host immune system and later causes disease 
C) occurs when the virus enters the cell and produces offspring 
D) often leads to a viral syndrome

Question 8

A healthcare worker fails to follow aseptic procedures while cleaning a wound,washes his hands properly afterwards and suffers no ill effects-this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) commensalism 
B) infection 
C) infestation 
D) contamination 
A) commensalism 
B) infection 
C) infestation 
D) contamination

Question 9

What are the difficulties in demonstrating Koch's postulates for human infections? Why was it not possible to demonstrate that leprosy or HIV satisfied Koch's Postulates?

Accepted Answer

Demonstrating Koch's postulates for huma

Question 10

Which of the factors below is not considered to be an example of a virulence factor?

Accepted Answer

A) Prodrome 
B) Leukostatin 
C) Streptokinase 
D) Adhesins 
A) Prodrome 
B) Leukostatin 
C) Streptokinase 
D) Adhesins

Question 11

What causes the cytopathic effect (CPE)?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Protozoa 
D) Viruses 
A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Protozoa 
D) Viruses

Question 12

All of the following refer to the normal microflora except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) no microflora is found in the fetus 
B) resident microorganisms normally do not cause disease 
C) some microorganisms are resident while others are transient 
D) resident microorganisms are found in nervous system and blood 
A) no microflora is found in the fetus 
B) resident microorganisms normally do not cause disease 
C) some microorganisms are resident while others are transient 
D) resident microorganisms are found in nervous system and blood

Question 13

Giardia intestinalis,a protozoan,possesses the following virulence factor.

Accepted Answer

A) Adhesive disc 
B) Aflatoxin 
C) Beta-hemolysin 
D) Coagulase 
A) Adhesive disc 
B) Aflatoxin 
C) Beta-hemolysin 
D) Coagulase

Question 14

Which of the following statements about host-microbes is true?

Accepted Answer

A) A host is any organism that harbors no other organism. 
B) Infestation refers to the presence of larger parasites. 
C) In mutualism neither of the two species benefits from the relationship. 
D) Virulence is defined as the capacity to produce disease. 
A) A host is any organism that harbors no other organism. 
B) Infestation refers to the presence of larger parasites. 
C) In mutualism neither of the two species benefits from the relationship. 
D) Virulence is defined as the capacity to produce disease.

Question 15

What type of toxin is illustrated in this image?

Accepted Answer

A) Endotoxin 
B) Exotoxin 
C) Enterotoxin 
D) Neurotoxin 
A) Endotoxin 
B) Exotoxin 
C) Enterotoxin 
D) Neurotoxin

Question 16

Which of the following must be true in order to satisfy some of Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

A) causative agent must be observed in a small percentage of cases of disease 
B) must be isolated from hosts that are not inoculated with the pure culture 
C) when pure cultures inoculated in healthy hosts, they do not show disease 
D) causative agent must be isolated from diseased host and grown in pure culture 
A) causative agent must be observed in a small percentage of cases of disease 
B) must be isolated from hosts that are not inoculated with the pure culture 
C) when pure cultures inoculated in healthy hosts, they do not show disease 
D) causative agent must be isolated from diseased host and grown in pure culture

Question 17

Transposal of virulence is all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) a laboratory technique in which a pathogen is passed from its normal host to a new host 
B) involves animal passaging experiments to adapt a pathogen to its normal host 
C) was used by Pasteur to prepare rabies virus 
D) increases the virulence for the new host but may reduce the virulence in the normal host 
A) a laboratory technique in which a pathogen is passed from its normal host to a new host 
B) involves animal passaging experiments to adapt a pathogen to its normal host 
C) was used by Pasteur to prepare rabies virus 
D) increases the virulence for the new host but may reduce the virulence in the normal host

Question 18

Factors that improve the chances of a pathogen's ability to invade a host and cause infection are known as:

Accepted Answer

A) contagious factors 
B) non-communicable factors 
C) viral factors 
D) virulence factors 
A) contagious factors 
B) non-communicable factors 
C) viral factors 
D) virulence factors

Question 19

Symbiosis is an association between:

Accepted Answer

A) two or more species 
B) one or two species 
C) two or more hosts 
D) no species but all hosts 
A) two or more species 
B) one or two species 
C) two or more hosts 
D) no species but all hosts

Question 20

All of the following pertain to microbial virulence except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) varies among different microbial species 
B) varies within the same species of a pathogen 
C) increases with animal passage 
D) increases by attenuation 
A) varies among different microbial species 
B) varies within the same species of a pathogen 
C) increases with animal passage 
D) increases by attenuation

Exam 14: Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Iatrogenic diseases:

Alpha-hemolysins:

Which of the following microbes easily satisfies Koch's postulates?

What is a disease referred to when symptoms develop rapidly and it runs its course quickly?

Toxoid:

All of the following are true of most diseases caused by a fungus except:

A productive infection:

A healthcare worker fails to follow aseptic procedures while cleaning a wound,washes his hands properly afterwards and suffers no ill effects-this is an example of:

What are the difficulties in demonstrating Koch's postulates for human infections? Why was it not possible to demonstrate that leprosy or HIV satisfied Koch's Postulates?

Which of the factors below is not considered to be an example of a virulence factor?

What causes the cytopathic effect (CPE)?

All of the following refer to the normal microflora except _____.

Giardia intestinalis,a protozoan,possesses the following virulence factor.

Which of the following statements about host-microbes is true?

What type of toxin is illustrated in this image?

Which of the following must be true in order to satisfy some of Koch's postulates?

Transposal of virulence is all of the following except:

Factors that improve the chances of a pathogen's ability to invade a host and cause infection are known as:

Symbiosis is an association between:

All of the following pertain to microbial virulence except _____.

Scope and History of Microbiology

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Microbial Genetics

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Innate Host Defenses

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Immunology Ii: Immunological Disorders and Tests

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, lymphatic and Systemic Disease

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

Applied Microbiology

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