Exam 9: Deviance

Alexander Liazos speaks for the social-conflict approach when he states that:

Caesare Lombroso, an Italian physician and criminologist, claimed that most criminals were people who had been mistreated by society.

What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials?

The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because:

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance?

According to Elliot Currie, factors that explain the high crime rate in the United States by world standards include:

Describe the labeling theory of deviance. What basic insight about deviance is offered by this approach? How does labeling figure into the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance? What is the importance of stigma in labeling analysis?

The concept of due process refers to:

According to the social-conflict approach, deviance has a number of functions for the operation of society as a whole.

In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which of the following concepts refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them?

A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation. This sentence reflects a policy called:

A poor person who has little chance to go to college and who sells illegal drugs to make money is one example of a deviant "innovator."

What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity?

Identify four justifications for punishment.

According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based primarily on:

Define due process, plea bargaining, and community-based corrections.

In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?

What is considered deviant is mostly the same behavior all around the world.

Which of the following statements illustrates the "medicalization of deviance"?

Every society punishes offenders. Write an essay in which you explain four justifications for punishment. Point out how each justification has come to the fore at different times in history, and explain this pattern as best you can. What evidence is there that punishment actually accomplishes what we say it does?