Question 1

Which of the following refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf?

Accepted Answer

A)  corporate crime 
B)  organized crime 
C)  victimless crime 
D)  secondary deviance 
A)  corporate crime 
B)  organized crime 
C)  victimless crime 
D)  secondary deviance

Question 2

Whether people respond to deviance as a moral issue or a medical matter affects which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  who responds-police or medical personnel 
B)  whether the person is subject to punishment or treatment 
C)  how personally competent the person is assumed to be 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  who responds-police or medical personnel 
B)  whether the person is subject to punishment or treatment 
C)  how personally competent the person is assumed to be 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 3

Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone who made a lot of money breaking the law?

Accepted Answer

A)  innovator 
B)  ritualist 
C)  retreatist 
D)  rebel 
A)  innovator 
B)  ritualist 
C)  retreatist 
D)  rebel

Question 4

The basic idea behind labeling theory is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  deviance is actually useful in a number of ways. 
B)  deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do. 
C)  power has much to do with how a society defines deviance. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  deviance is actually useful in a number of ways. 
B)  deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do. 
C)  power has much to do with how a society defines deviance. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 5

Define each of the following: white-collar crime, corporate crime, organized crime, and hate crime.

Accepted Answer

White-collar crime refers to non-violent

Question 6

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  interpreting someone's past consistent with present deviance. 
B)  defining someone as deviant for things done long before. 
C)  criminal adults encouraging their children to become deviant. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  interpreting someone's past consistent with present deviance. 
B)  defining someone as deviant for things done long before. 
C)  criminal adults encouraging their children to become deviant. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 7

Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Labeling theory stresses that some actions are always wrong and others are always right.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In the United States, even as the crime rate has gone down in recent years, the number of people in prison has gone up.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Explain the value and the limitations of biological and psychological explanations of crime. Expand the essay by explaining the strengths of a sociological approach to understanding crime.

Accepted Answer

Biological and psychological explanation

Question 12

Which of the following concepts refers to crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupations?

Accepted Answer

A)  victimless crime 
B)  white-collar crime 
C)  organized crime 
D)  street crime 
A)  victimless crime 
B)  white-collar crime 
C)  organized crime 
D)  street crime

Question 13

What is meant by "community-based corrections?" What are the advantages of this approach compared to sending convicted offenders to prison? What are some of the limitations of this approach? On balance, do you favor or oppose expanding community-based corrections? Why?

Accepted Answer

Community-based corrections refer to a r

Question 14

In his study of New England's Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that:

Accepted Answer

A)  people everywhere define mostly the same things as deviant. 
B)  very religious people create very little deviance. 
C)  even this disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community. 
D)  the proportion of people in the population that the Puritans defined as deviant kept rising over time. 
A)  people everywhere define mostly the same things as deviant. 
B)  very religious people create very little deviance. 
C)  even this disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community. 
D)  the proportion of people in the population that the Puritans defined as deviant kept rising over time.

Question 15

Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer, police:

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore most crimes they learn about. 
B)  work, on average, many more hours than other workers. 
C)  cannot take time to ensure due process for most suspects. 
D)  use discretion in deciding which situations warrant their attention. 
A)  ignore most crimes they learn about. 
B)  work, on average, many more hours than other workers. 
C)  cannot take time to ensure due process for most suspects. 
D)  use discretion in deciding which situations warrant their attention.

Question 16

Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Using the terms in Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a radical activist who rejects just about everything in the existing society in favor of some alternative system?

Accepted Answer

A)  innovator 
B)  ritualist 
C)  retreatist 
D)  rebel 
A)  innovator 
B)  ritualist 
C)  retreatist 
D)  rebel

Question 18

The United States is the only western, high-income nation that routinely imposes the death penalty on convicted offenders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

"Primary deviance" refers to the most serious offenses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is the medicalization of deviance?

Accepted Answer

The medicalization of deviance refers to

Exam 9: Deviance

Which of the following refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf?

Whether people respond to deviance as a moral issue or a medical matter affects which of the following?

Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone who made a lot of money breaking the law?

The basic idea behind labeling theory is that:

Define each of the following: white-collar crime, corporate crime, organized crime, and hate crime.

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of:

Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.

Labeling theory stresses that some actions are always wrong and others are always right.

In the United States, even as the crime rate has gone down in recent years, the number of people in prison has gone up.

The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.

Explain the value and the limitations of biological and psychological explanations of crime. Expand the essay by explaining the strengths of a sociological approach to understanding crime.

Which of the following concepts refers to crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupations?

What is meant by "community-based corrections?" What are the advantages of this approach compared to sending convicted offenders to prison? What are some of the limitations of this approach? On balance, do you favor or oppose expanding community-based corrections? Why?

In his study of New England's Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that:

Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer, police:

Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.

Using the terms in Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a radical activist who rejects just about everything in the existing society in favor of some alternative system?

The United States is the only western, high-income nation that routinely imposes the death penalty on convicted offenders.

"Primary deviance" refers to the most serious offenses.

What is the medicalization of deviance?

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