Question 1

What is a soil profile?

Accepted Answer

A soil profile is a series of distinct zones of soil known as soil horizons that are arranged in a vertical sequence.

Question 2

How are chalk and chert different?

Accepted Answer

A) They have different grain sizes. 
B) They are made of different source materials. 
C) Chalk is terrestrial; chert is marine. 
D) Chalk is biochemical; chert is chemical. 
A) They have different grain sizes. 
B) They are made of different source materials. 
C) Chalk is terrestrial; chert is marine. 
D) Chalk is biochemical; chert is chemical. B

Question 3

Lithification occurs

Accepted Answer

A) in the shallow subsurface. 
B) at the surface of Earth. 
C) deep under the ground 
D) high in the mountains 
A) in the shallow subsurface. 
B) at the surface of Earth. 
C) deep under the ground 
D) high in the mountains A

Question 4

Cemented shells of marine organisms form which kind of sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A) biochemical 
B) chemical 
C) clastic 
D) organic 
A) biochemical 
B) chemical 
C) clastic 
D) organic

Question 5

If water is the primary transport mechanism for a given sediment, the grain size MOST closely indicates the

Accepted Answer

A) geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop. 
B) average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition. 
C) velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom. 
D) climate conditions at the time of deposition. 
A) geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop. 
B) average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition. 
C) velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom. 
D) climate conditions at the time of deposition.

Question 6

Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition) is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments, fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to

Accepted Answer

A) be well sorted. 
B) include coarse grains, such as cobbles. 
C) include fine grains, such as clay. 
D) have angular grains. 
A) be well sorted. 
B) include coarse grains, such as cobbles. 
C) include fine grains, such as clay. 
D) have angular grains.

Question 7

The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed

Accepted Answer

A) deposition. 
B) erosion. 
C) weathering. 
D) lithification 
A) deposition. 
B) erosion. 
C) weathering. 
D) lithification

Question 8

Lake deposits tend to be composed of finely laminated mudstones, indicative of

Accepted Answer

A) quiet water. 
B) oscillating waves. 
C) bioturbation. 
D) current flow. 
A) quiet water. 
B) oscillating waves. 
C) bioturbation. 
D) current flow.

Question 9

The primary difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate _______ than breccia.

Accepted Answer

A) is finer grained 
B) is coarser grained 
C) possesses more angular grains 
D) possesses more rounded grains 
A) is finer grained 
B) is coarser grained 
C) possesses more angular grains 
D) possesses more rounded grains

Question 10

Coal and oil shale are considered __________ sedimentary rocks.

Accepted Answer

A) clastic 
B) biochemical 
C) organic 
D) chemical 
A) clastic 
B) biochemical 
C) organic 
D) chemical

Question 11

A fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock that splits into thin sheets is

Accepted Answer

A) mudstone. 
B) shale. 
C) sandstone 
D) arkose. 
A) mudstone. 
B) shale. 
C) sandstone 
D) arkose.

Question 12

Precipitation of gypsum caused by evaporation of seawater produces which kind of sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A) biochemical 
B) chemical 
C) clastic 
D) organic 
A) biochemical 
B) chemical 
C) clastic 
D) organic

Question 13

How are a marine transgression and regression different?

Accepted Answer

Transgressions involve sea lev

Question 14

Clastic sedimentary rocks are primarily classified on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A) grain size. 
B) degree of sorting. 
C) angularity. 
D) mineral composition. 
A) grain size. 
B) degree of sorting. 
C) angularity. 
D) mineral composition.

Question 15

What type of basins contain the largest accumulation of marine sediments?

Accepted Answer

A) rift 
B) passive-margin 
C) foreland 
D) intracontinental 
A) rift 
B) passive-margin 
C) foreland 
D) intracontinental

Question 16

Cementation of sediments occurs when minerals __________ the spaces between sediment grains.

Accepted Answer

A) swell into 
B) pass through 
C) precipitate in 
D) dissolve in 
A) swell into 
B) pass through 
C) precipitate in 
D) dissolve in

Question 17

Basins that form on the continental side of mountain ranges are called _________ basins.

Accepted Answer

A) rift 
B) passive-margin 
C) foreland 
D) intracontinental 
A) rift 
B) passive-margin 
C) foreland 
D) intracontinental

Question 18

What are the steps involved in the formation of a clastic sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed by

Question 19

When limestone becomes chemically altered so that half of the calcium atoms are replaced by magnesium, the resultant rock is termed

Accepted Answer

A) agate. 
B) dolostone. 
C) jasper. 
D) travertine 
A) agate. 
B) dolostone. 
C) jasper. 
D) travertine

Question 20

Graded beds are an indicator of

Accepted Answer

A) submarine landslides. 
B) quiet, still water. 
C) arid environments. 
D) current flow. 
A) submarine landslides. 
B) quiet, still water. 
C) arid environments. 
D) current flow.

Exam 5: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

What is a soil profile?

How are chalk and chert different?

Lithification occurs

Cemented shells of marine organisms form which kind of sedimentary rock?

If water is the primary transport mechanism for a given sediment, the grain size MOST closely indicates the

Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition) is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments, fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to

The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed

Lake deposits tend to be composed of finely laminated mudstones, indicative of

The primary difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate _______ than breccia.

Coal and oil shale are considered __________ sedimentary rocks.

A fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock that splits into thin sheets is

Precipitation of gypsum caused by evaporation of seawater produces which kind of sedimentary rock?

How are a marine transgression and regression different?

Clastic sedimentary rocks are primarily classified on the basis of

What type of basins contain the largest accumulation of marine sediments?

Cementation of sediments occurs when minerals __________ the spaces between sediment grains.

Basins that form on the continental side of mountain ranges are called _________ basins.

What are the steps involved in the formation of a clastic sedimentary rock?

When limestone becomes chemically altered so that half of the calcium atoms are replaced by magnesium, the resultant rock is termed

Graded beds are an indicator of

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

A Process of Change: Metamorphism and the Rock Cycle

Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Shaping the Earths Surface: Landscapes, the Hydrologic Cycle, and Mass Wasting

Freshwater: Streams, Lakes, and Groundwater

Extreme Realms: Desert and Glacial Landscapes

Ocean Waters: the Blue of the Blue Marble

Marine Geology: the Study of Ocean Basins and Coasts

The Air We Breathe: Introducing Earths Atmosphere

Winds of the World: the Earths Major Weather Systems

Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, and Local Weather Systems

Climate and Climate Change

Our Solar System and Beyond

Our Neighborhood in Space

The Sun, Stars, and Deep Space

Prelude: Welcome to Earth Science

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