Exam 23: The Sun, Stars, and Deep Space

A galaxy and its satellites, together with a few other galaxies and their satellites, are known as

In the life cycle of stars, nebulae serve the purpose of being the material that

The fourth state of matter where material consists almost entirely of ionized atoms circulating along with free electrons is called

Why is it thought that fusion began in our Sun but not in Earth?

In the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, ____________ stars populate an area above and to the right of the ____________stars.

A very high-mass star with a mass greater than about 25Ms enters its death throes. It undergoes a supernova explosion, leaving the remnant neutron star that still contains as much mass as three Suns and can become a

A patch on the surface of the photosphere becomes about 1,300°C to 2,700°C (800°F to 1,700°F) cooler than brighter regions of the photosphere. These patches are known as ____________ because their lower temperatures make them look darker than the surrounding regions.

Astronomers can distinguish galaxy types based on

A photon from a dying star may have traveled millions or even billions of years since it began its journey through ____________, the Universe far beyond the limits of our solar system, to reach your eyes.

What are the key structural features of the Milky Way?

Solar flares, solar prominences, and sunspots are all

The ____________ can extend 3 million kilometers (1.9 million miles) from the black hole's center.

Our Sun currently falls on the main sequence of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. When it ends its life as a visible star, our Sun will become a

The star that has longest life span because of its size and rate of fuel consumption is known as a ____________ star.

How does energy move through the Sun's layers?

Places within the Universe where the interstellar medium (i.e., "clouds" of gas, dust, and ice) have become denser than elsewhere are known as

A white dwarf is a very ____________ star that glows white because of its ____________ surface temperature.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the expansion rates of the Universe in the future?

A high-mass star will end its life cycle as a

To distinguish among stars based on luminosity, astronomers use the ____________ scale that represents the value of a star's apparent magnitude as if the star were hypothetically placed at a distance of exactly 33 light-years from Earth.