Question 1

Injecting hot fudge into ice cream is an appropriate analogy for which cause of magma melt?

Accepted Answer

A)  melting due to a decrease in pressure 
B)  melting due to an addition of volatiles 
C)  melting due to heat transfer from rising magma 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  melting due to a decrease in pressure 
B)  melting due to an addition of volatiles 
C)  melting due to heat transfer from rising magma 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 2

Large igneous provinces are formed by ___________,which can flow tens to hundreds of kilometers.

Accepted Answer

A)  flood basalts 
B)  sills 
C)  super plumes 
D)  None of the above are correct. 
A)  flood basalts 
B)  sills 
C)  super plumes 
D)  None of the above are correct.

Question 3

Consult the figure below.A sill is a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sheet-like intrusion that lies parallel to surrounding layers of sedimentary rock 
B)  cooled layer of lava 
C)  intrusion formed within the magma chamber of a volcano 
D)  sheet-like intrusion that cuts across preexisting layers 
A)  sheet-like intrusion that lies parallel to surrounding layers of sedimentary rock 
B)  cooled layer of lava 
C)  intrusion formed within the magma chamber of a volcano 
D)  sheet-like intrusion that cuts across preexisting layers

Question 4

Due to fractional crystallization and assimilation of surrounding host rock,most magmas that rise slowly through the crust chemically evolve to become ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more felsic 
B)  more mafic 
C)  dominated by nonsilicate minerals 
A)  more felsic 
B)  more mafic 
C)  dominated by nonsilicate minerals

Question 5

If a body of magma becomes more felsic,its viscosity will ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  stay the same 
A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  stay the same

Question 6

If a volcano erupted and its resultant lava flowed to a great distance at a relatively fast rate,what properties would you expect of the lava?

Accepted Answer

A)  high temperature 
B)  volatile-rich 
C)  mafic 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
E)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  high temperature 
B)  volatile-rich 
C)  mafic 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
E)  All of the above are correct.

Question 7

When magma crystallizes,____________ are formed.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrusive igneous rocks 
B)  extrusive igneous rocks 
C)  volatiles 
D)  pyroclastic debris 
A)  intrusive igneous rocks 
B)  extrusive igneous rocks 
C)  volatiles 
D)  pyroclastic debris

Question 8

Very early in Earth's history,it was so hot that the surface was likely entirely molten.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Consult the figure below.A dike is a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sheet-like intrusion that lies parallel to surrounding layers of sedimentary rock 
B)  cooled layer of lava 
C)  intrusion formed within the magma chamber of a volcano 
D)  sheet-like intrusion that cuts across preexisting layers 
A)  sheet-like intrusion that lies parallel to surrounding layers of sedimentary rock 
B)  cooled layer of lava 
C)  intrusion formed within the magma chamber of a volcano 
D)  sheet-like intrusion that cuts across preexisting layers

Question 10

Consult the figure below.If you found deposits of tuff at an ___________ igneous setting,you could conclude that the lava had a ___________ viscosity content.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrusive; high 
B)  intrusive; low 
C)  extrusive; high 
D)  extrusive; low 
A)  intrusive; high 
B)  intrusive; low 
C)  extrusive; high 
D)  extrusive; low

Question 11

Important volatiles in magmas include ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  iron- and magnesium-rich minerals, such as olivine 
B)  potassium and aluminum 
C)  water and carbon dioxide 
D)  trinitrotoluene and nitroglycerin 
A)  iron- and magnesium-rich minerals, such as olivine 
B)  potassium and aluminum 
C)  water and carbon dioxide 
D)  trinitrotoluene and nitroglycerin

Question 12

Volcanoes that do not occur along present plate boundaries are associated with ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  continental rifts 
B)  mantle hot spots 
C)  mid-ocean ridges 
D)  subduction zones 
A)  continental rifts 
B)  mantle hot spots 
C)  mid-ocean ridges 
D)  subduction zones

Question 13

Obsidian,shown below,____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is volcanic glass 
B)  possesses conchoidal fracture 
C)  typically is felsic in composition 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  is volcanic glass 
B)  possesses conchoidal fracture 
C)  typically is felsic in composition 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 14

Coarse-grained granite is most similar in mineral composition to fine-grained ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  andesite 
B)  basalt 
C)  komatiite 
D)  rhyolite 
A)  andesite 
B)  basalt 
C)  komatiite 
D)  rhyolite

Question 15

Radioactive isotopes,differentiation of Earth's iron core,gravity-driven compression,and meteoric bombardment all caused early Earth to ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glow brighter than the Sun 
B)  be much cooler than at present 
C)  be much hotter than at present 
D)  be much more oblong than at present 
A)  glow brighter than the Sun 
B)  be much cooler than at present 
C)  be much hotter than at present 
D)  be much more oblong than at present

Question 16

Mt.Kilimanjaro and the Basin and Range Province are the result of _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  converging plates 
B)  subducting plates 
C)  rifting 
D)  None of the above are correct. 
A)  converging plates 
B)  subducting plates 
C)  rifting 
D)  None of the above are correct.

Question 17

As compared to aphanitic igneous rocks,phaneritic rocks are ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  made of crystals big enough to see 
B)  made of crystals that can't be seen 
C)  more mafic 
D)  more felsic 
A)  made of crystals big enough to see 
B)  made of crystals that can't be seen 
C)  more mafic 
D)  more felsic

Question 18

In Bowen's discontinuous reaction series,the first mineral to crystallize from a mafic melt is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  olivine 
B)  plagioclase 
C)  pyroxene 
D)  quartz 
A)  olivine 
B)  plagioclase 
C)  pyroxene 
D)  quartz

Question 19

Magma tends to _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  move upward, away from where it formed 
B)  move downward, away from where it formed 
C)  move laterally 
D)  stay in one place 
A)  move upward, away from where it formed 
B)  move downward, away from where it formed 
C)  move laterally 
D)  stay in one place

Question 20

Consult the figure below.Large igneous provinces can cause ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sea-level rise 
B)  climate change 
C)  extinction 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  sea-level rise 
B)  climate change 
C)  extinction 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Exam 4: Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Injecting hot fudge into ice cream is an appropriate analogy for which cause of magma melt?

Large igneous provinces are formed by ___________,which can flow tens to hundreds of kilometers.

Consult the figure below.A sill is a(n)____________.

Due to fractional crystallization and assimilation of surrounding host rock,most magmas that rise slowly through the crust chemically evolve to become ____________.

If a body of magma becomes more felsic,its viscosity will ____________.

If a volcano erupted and its resultant lava flowed to a great distance at a relatively fast rate,what properties would you expect of the lava?

When magma crystallizes,____________ are formed.

Very early in Earth's history,it was so hot that the surface was likely entirely molten.

Consult the figure below.A dike is a(n)____________.

Consult the figure below.If you found deposits of tuff at an ___________ igneous setting,you could conclude that the lava had a ___________ viscosity content.

Important volatiles in magmas include ____________.

Volcanoes that do not occur along present plate boundaries are associated with ____________.

Obsidian,shown below,____________.

Coarse-grained granite is most similar in mineral composition to fine-grained ____________.

Radioactive isotopes,differentiation of Earth's iron core,gravity-driven compression,and meteoric bombardment all caused early Earth to ____________.

Mt.Kilimanjaro and the Basin and Range Province are the result of _____________.

As compared to aphanitic igneous rocks,phaneritic rocks are ____________.

In Bowen's discontinuous reaction series,the first mineral to crystallize from a mafic melt is ____________.

Magma tends to _____________.

Consult the figure below.Large igneous provinces can cause ______________.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Rock Groups

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

The Rock Cycle

The Earths Interior Revisited: Insights From Geophysics

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Filters

Consult the figure below.If you found deposits of tuff at an _ igneous setting,you could conclude that the lava had a _ viscosity content.