Question 1

The Coriolis effect causes fluids or objects moving in the air or water to appear to be deflected because of the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ceaseless bombardment of Earth by solar radiation 
B)  slow migration of Earth's magnetic field, due to convection in the outer core 
C)  effects of plate tectonics on oceans and airmasses 
D)  rotation of the Earth 
A)  ceaseless bombardment of Earth by solar radiation 
B)  slow migration of Earth's magnetic field, due to convection in the outer core 
C)  effects of plate tectonics on oceans and airmasses 
D)  rotation of the Earth D

Question 2

What percentage of seawater,on average,consists of dissolved ions ("salts")?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5% 
B)  3.5% 
C)  5.5% 
D)  6.5% 
A)  1.5% 
B)  3.5% 
C)  5.5% 
D)  6.5% B

Question 3

The magnitude of tidal effect (lateral extent of the intertidal zone between low and high tides)is affected by the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  steepness of the intertidal beach 
B)  position of the Sun 
C)  bathymetry of the region 
D)  Both a and c are correct. 
A)  steepness of the intertidal beach 
B)  position of the Sun 
C)  bathymetry of the region 
D)  Both a and c are correct. D

Question 4

Which trench includes the world's deepest sea floor (more than 11 km below sea level)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peru-Chile Trench 
B)  Puerto Rican Trench 
C)  Marianas Trench 
D)  Kamchatka Trench 
A)  Peru-Chile Trench 
B)  Puerto Rican Trench 
C)  Marianas Trench 
D)  Kamchatka Trench

Question 5

The majority of humans live away from coastlines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The most prominent force inducing tides on Earth is the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sun's gravitational pull 
B)  Moon's gravitational pull 
C)  electromagnetic attraction between the Earth and the Sun 
D)  gravitational attraction between ocean waters and the continents on Earth 
A)  Sun's gravitational pull 
B)  Moon's gravitational pull 
C)  electromagnetic attraction between the Earth and the Sun 
D)  gravitational attraction between ocean waters and the continents on Earth

Question 7

The Atlantic has been present since the Precambrian.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The density of seawater increases with ____________ and ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing temperature; increasing salinity 
B)  decreasing temperature; increasing salinity 
C)  increasing temperature; decreasing salinity 
D)  decreasing temperature; decreasing salinity 
A)  increasing temperature; increasing salinity 
B)  decreasing temperature; increasing salinity 
C)  increasing temperature; decreasing salinity 
D)  decreasing temperature; decreasing salinity

Question 9

Estuaries most commonly have salinity that is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  identical to normal marine salinity 
B)  identical to freshwater 
C)  hypersaline (greater than normal marine salinity) 
D)  brackish (between freshwater and marine salinity) 
A)  identical to normal marine salinity 
B)  identical to freshwater 
C)  hypersaline (greater than normal marine salinity) 
D)  brackish (between freshwater and marine salinity)

Question 10

Based on the figure below,what is likely to happen to coastal river deltas when sea level rises?

Accepted Answer

A)  They would be submerged. 
B)  They would extend outward from increased sediment influx. 
C)  They would be "armored" with large clasts deposited by storm waves, as sea level slowly rose over them. 
D)  Both a and c are correct. 
A)  They would be submerged. 
B)  They would extend outward from increased sediment influx. 
C)  They would be "armored" with large clasts deposited by storm waves, as sea level slowly rose over them. 
D)  Both a and c are correct.

Question 11

Based on the thermal image of the Gulf Stream (the inset box below),what would you conclude about the effects of ocean currents on the heat and temperature variations between equatorial regions and the poles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ocean currents move colder water parallel to the equator. 
B)  Ocean currents move colder water toward equatorial seas. 
C)  Ocean currents move warmer water toward polar regions. 
D)  Both b and c are correct. 
A)  Ocean currents move colder water parallel to the equator. 
B)  Ocean currents move colder water toward equatorial seas. 
C)  Ocean currents move warmer water toward polar regions. 
D)  Both b and c are correct.

Question 12

Longshore currents flow ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  directly toward the shoreline 
B)  directly away from the shoreline 
C)  parallel to the shoreline 
A)  directly toward the shoreline 
B)  directly away from the shoreline 
C)  parallel to the shoreline

Question 13

The deepest segments of the ocean floor are found ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  along mid-ocean ridges 
B)  in the geographic centers of abyssal plains 
C)  in trenches associated with passive margins 
D)  in trenches associated with subduction zones 
A)  along mid-ocean ridges 
B)  in the geographic centers of abyssal plains 
C)  in trenches associated with passive margins 
D)  in trenches associated with subduction zones

Question 14

As waves approach shore in shallow water,their speed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
A)  increases 
B)  decreases

Question 15

Compared to continental crust,oceanic crust is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  denser 
B)  less dense 
C)  about the same density 
A)  denser 
B)  less dense 
C)  about the same density

Question 16

If an ocean current flows toward shore,then near shore there should be____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  downwelling 
B)  upwelling 
C)  clockwise deflection 
D)  counterclockwise deflection 
A)  downwelling 
B)  upwelling 
C)  clockwise deflection 
D)  counterclockwise deflection

Question 17

Along beaches,groins have ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  solved the problem of beach drift 
B)  increased erosion rates immediately upcurrent from the groin 
C)  increased erosion rates immediately downcurrent from the groin 
D)  increased depositional rates immediately downcurrent from the groin 
A)  solved the problem of beach drift 
B)  increased erosion rates immediately upcurrent from the groin 
C)  increased erosion rates immediately downcurrent from the groin 
D)  increased depositional rates immediately downcurrent from the groin

Question 18

A bathymetric map depicts ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  surface salinity 
B)  surface temperature 
C)  temperature at the sea floor 
D)  depth of the sea floor below sea level 
A)  surface salinity 
B)  surface temperature 
C)  temperature at the sea floor 
D)  depth of the sea floor below sea level

Question 19

What would the long-term effect of a massive global cooling be on the occurrence of hurricanes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They would occur closer to the polar regions because of increases in sea ice. 
B)  There would be fewer hurricanes because ocean surface waters would be cooler. 
C)  There would be more hurricanes because of greater average wind speeds, as may have occurred during the last ice age. 
D)  None. 
A)  They would occur closer to the polar regions because of increases in sea ice. 
B)  There would be fewer hurricanes because ocean surface waters would be cooler. 
C)  There would be more hurricanes because of greater average wind speeds, as may have occurred during the last ice age. 
D)  None.

Question 20

High tides can be as much as 17 m (more than 50 ft)above low tides,depending on location on Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

The Coriolis effect causes fluids or objects moving in the air or water to appear to be deflected because of the ____________.

What percentage of seawater,on average,consists of dissolved ions ("salts")?

The magnitude of tidal effect (lateral extent of the intertidal zone between low and high tides)is affected by the ____________.

Which trench includes the world's deepest sea floor (more than 11 km below sea level)?

The majority of humans live away from coastlines.

The most prominent force inducing tides on Earth is the ____________.

The Atlantic has been present since the Precambrian.

The density of seawater increases with ____________ and ____________.

Estuaries most commonly have salinity that is ____________.

Based on the figure below,what is likely to happen to coastal river deltas when sea level rises?

Based on the thermal image of the Gulf Stream (the inset box below),what would you conclude about the effects of ocean currents on the heat and temperature variations between equatorial regions and the poles?

Longshore currents flow ____________.

The deepest segments of the ocean floor are found ____________.

As waves approach shore in shallow water,their speed ____________.

Compared to continental crust,oceanic crust is ____________.

If an ocean current flows toward shore,then near shore there should be____________.

Along beaches,groins have ____________.

A bathymetric map depicts ____________.

What would the long-term effect of a massive global cooling be on the occurrence of hurricanes?

High tides can be as much as 17 m (more than 50 ft)above low tides,depending on location on Earth.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Rock Groups

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

The Rock Cycle

The Earths Interior Revisited: Insights From Geophysics

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Filters

The density of seawater increases with and .