Exam 6: Police Issues and Practices
Terrorist acts that involve the use of biological agents to produce sickness,disease,or death are collectively referred to as _________________.
bioterrorism
What are the legal and psychological effects of police uniforms? How are times changing in these areas?
"The uniform stands out as one of the most important visual representations of the law enforcement profession." The officer is immediately and uniquely set apart from society.For some,the uniform seems to be a target for all kinds of verbal abuse and even fists or bullets; for others,it is a welcomed as a symbol of legal authority.Police administrators have long been able to regulate the appearance of their officers.In Kelley v.Johnson,1976,the U.S.Supreme Court held that police agencies have a legitimate,rational interest in establishing such rules and regulations.Therefore,police administrators can dictate how the uniform will be worn-as well as other aspects of personal appearance.Research has consistently supported suggestions about the police uniform's power and authority.In one study,individuals ranked 25 different occupational uniforms by several categories of feelings.The test subjects consistently ranked the police uniform as the one most likely to induce feelings of safety.Studies have also shown that people consistently rate models as more competent,reliable,intelligent,and helpful when pictured in a police uniform,rather than in casual clothes.This is an area where the views of administrators toward officers' uniforms and appearance may well inherently clash with the street officers' viewpoints,as the latter try to be more "expressive" in an era when tattoos and facial hair are more commonplace and less stigmatized.
It is argued that the federalization of national crime policy is disturbing because it leads to a concentration of police power at the national level.
True
Roberg,et al.,argued that the trend toward federalization undercuts the local and state officers and agencies that are in the best position to deal with most crime.
According to the research cited in the textbook,women represent only about _____ of the police chiefs in the United States.
The United States is not as vulnerable to biological weapons and bioterrorism as other countries.
The old approach to active shooter situations,prior to Columbine,was for police to take a _______________strategy,intended to prevent officers and bystanders from getting killed; first responders would establish a perimeter to contain the situation and then wait for the special-weapons team to go in and neutralize the shooters(s).Now, however,police typically employ so-called _________ _________ that confront the shooter.
Agencies need only briefly review the daily assignments of all probationary officers to assure they have equal opportunity to become effective patrol officers.
What is meant by intelligence-led policing,predictive policing,and fusion centers?
Agencies can provide skill development opportunities by having persons with leadership potential do such things as:
In 1985,the Supreme Court ruled that police shooting of any unarmed,nonviolent,fleeing felony suspect violates the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution.
Use-of-force continuums have not evolved and are therefore discredited and not useful.
Individuals can plan their future promotion and development through such activities as:
Targeted efforts by local police agencies to recruit and hire racial/ethnic minorities have resulted in twice as many minorities being hired as women.What are some of the ways that police departments can encourage and retain female officers?
Black police officers face problems similar to those of women who attempt to enter and prosper in police work.
Today,more departments and researchers are less comfortable with the ________ depiction of the use-of-force continuum.
Since 9/11 very few larger police departments have undergone internal restructuring as a way of dealing with terrorism.
What are contract,consolidated,and civilianized police services,and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
The fusion center coordinates all response and counter-terrorism elements within a community.
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