Question 1

The earnings difference between single men and women is

Accepted Answer

A)  significantly more than the earnings difference between married men and women. 
B)  significantly less than the earnings difference between married men and women. 
C)  about the same as the earnings difference between married men and women. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  significantly more than the earnings difference between married men and women. 
B)  significantly less than the earnings difference between married men and women. 
C)  about the same as the earnings difference between married men and women. 
D)  none of the above. B

Question 2

When employment discrimination results from the personal prejudices of employers,

Accepted Answer

A)  only legal requirements will be able to reduce the amount of employment discrimination. 
B)  competitive markets will generally tend to promote discrimination as firms try to lower their costs to increase their profits. 
C)  competitive markets will tend to make it costly for employers to discriminate, reducing the amount of discrimination. 
D)  none of the above will be true. 
A)  only legal requirements will be able to reduce the amount of employment discrimination. 
B)  competitive markets will generally tend to promote discrimination as firms try to lower their costs to increase their profits. 
C)  competitive markets will tend to make it costly for employers to discriminate, reducing the amount of discrimination. 
D)  none of the above will be true. C

Question 3

During the last two or three decades, the educational and career choices of women have become

Accepted Answer

A)  more like those of men, and the earnings of women have declined relative to those of men. 
B)  more like those of men, and the earnings of women have increased relative to those of men. 
C)  less like those of men, and the earnings of women have increased relative to those of men. 
D)  less like those of men, and the earnings of women have declined relative to those of men. 
A)  more like those of men, and the earnings of women have declined relative to those of men. 
B)  more like those of men, and the earnings of women have increased relative to those of men. 
C)  less like those of men, and the earnings of women have increased relative to those of men. 
D)  less like those of men, and the earnings of women have declined relative to those of men. B

Question 4

In 2007, the labor force participation rate of women was

Accepted Answer

A)  20.6 percent. 
B)  40.6 percent. 
C)  60.6 percent. 
D)  80.6 percent. 
A)  20.6 percent. 
B)  40.6 percent. 
C)  60.6 percent. 
D)  80.6 percent.

Question 5

Between 1960 and 1980, the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers ____. Between 1980 and 2009, the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  changed very little; fell 
B)  changed very little; rose 
C)  fell; changed very little 
D)  rose; changed very little 
A)  changed very little; fell 
B)  changed very little; rose 
C)  fell; changed very little 
D)  rose; changed very little

Question 6

Since 1980, the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers has been ____, while the labor force participation rate of women has been ____ during this same period.

Accepted Answer

A)  rising; declining 
B)  rising; increasing 
C)  falling; increasing 
D)  falling; declining 
A)  rising; declining 
B)  rising; increasing 
C)  falling; increasing 
D)  falling; declining

Question 7

If a firm refuses to hire any females due to a personal prejudice, its profits will

Accepted Answer

A)  increase markedly. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  not be affected. 
D)  increase slightly. 
A)  increase markedly. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  not be affected. 
D)  increase slightly.

Question 8

Why is it NOT surprising that men make up the minority of college graduates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because of discrimination against women, men are able to get good jobs with only a high school degree. 
B)  Men are smarter than women and they do not need a higher education to be attractive to employers. 
C)  Given their greater physical strength, many men accept high-paying but physically demanding jobs instead of going to college. 
D)  Many men decide to pursue jobs in professional sports and this significantly reduces the number of males who go to college. 
A)  Because of discrimination against women, men are able to get good jobs with only a high school degree. 
B)  Men are smarter than women and they do not need a higher education to be attractive to employers. 
C)  Given their greater physical strength, many men accept high-paying but physically demanding jobs instead of going to college. 
D)  Many men decide to pursue jobs in professional sports and this significantly reduces the number of males who go to college.

Question 9

As a result of the educational and career choices of women becoming more like those of men during the last two decades, the earnings of women have

Accepted Answer

A)  risen toward those of men. 
B)  fallen relative to those of men. 
C)  remained relatively unchanged relative to those of men. 
D)  fallen in clerical occupations, but risen in business careers. 
A)  risen toward those of men. 
B)  fallen relative to those of men. 
C)  remained relatively unchanged relative to those of men. 
D)  fallen in clerical occupations, but risen in business careers.

Question 10

If an employer could really hire women who were willing and able to do the same work as men for 20 percent less, profit-seeking employers would have

Accepted Answer

A)  a strong incentive to hire more women, which would shrink this differential. 
B)  little incentive to hire women, since hiring men would still be more profitable. 
C)  a strong incentive to hire fewer women, and this would reduce the wage gap between men and women. 
D)  a strong incentive to hire fewer women, which would expand the wage gap between men and women to an even higher level. 
A)  a strong incentive to hire more women, which would shrink this differential. 
B)  little incentive to hire women, since hiring men would still be more profitable. 
C)  a strong incentive to hire fewer women, and this would reduce the wage gap between men and women. 
D)  a strong incentive to hire fewer women, which would expand the wage gap between men and women to an even higher level.

Question 11

Evaluate the following: "Employers who discriminate against women will have lower costs than rival firms that hire employees strictly on the basis of merit (productivity)."

Accepted Answer

Economic theory suggests that this view

Question 12

In the future, the earnings differential between women and men is expected to

Accepted Answer

A)  widen. 
B)  become smaller. 
C)  remain about the same as it is now. 
D)  become smaller over the next five years then begin to widen again. 
A)  widen. 
B)  become smaller. 
C)  remain about the same as it is now. 
D)  become smaller over the next five years then begin to widen again.

Question 13

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Employers who discriminate against women will have lower costs than rival firms that hire employees strictly on the basis of merit (productivity). 
B)  If employers can hire equally productive female employees at a lower wage than males, the profit motive gives them a strong incentive to do so. 
C)  The female/male earnings ratio is higher for persons who are married than for those who remain single. 
D)  Both a and c are true. 
A)  Employers who discriminate against women will have lower costs than rival firms that hire employees strictly on the basis of merit (productivity). 
B)  If employers can hire equally productive female employees at a lower wage than males, the profit motive gives them a strong incentive to do so. 
C)  The female/male earnings ratio is higher for persons who are married than for those who remain single. 
D)  Both a and c are true.

Question 14

Which of the following would constitute the strongest evidence of employment discrimination against female employees?

Accepted Answer

A)  The average wage of female workers is lower than the average wage of males. 
B)  The average wage of female employees is lower than the average wage of males with similar productive characteristics. 
C)  The mean number of years of schooling of female workers is lower than that of males. 
D)  The average hours worked by female employees is less than the average hours worked by males. 
A)  The average wage of female workers is lower than the average wage of males. 
B)  The average wage of female employees is lower than the average wage of males with similar productive characteristics. 
C)  The mean number of years of schooling of female workers is lower than that of males. 
D)  The average hours worked by female employees is less than the average hours worked by males.

Question 15

In 1964 civil rights legislation was passed

Accepted Answer

A)  that made it illegal for women to make less than the minimum wage. 
B)  that created the No Woman Left Behind Commission. 
C)  prohibiting employers from discriminating based on race and gender. 
D)  requiring fields traditionally dominated by male workers to hire more female candidates. 
A)  that made it illegal for women to make less than the minimum wage. 
B)  that created the No Woman Left Behind Commission. 
C)  prohibiting employers from discriminating based on race and gender. 
D)  requiring fields traditionally dominated by male workers to hire more female candidates.

Question 16

During the last two decades, the number of women preparing for careers as professionals has ____, and the proportion of those completing college degrees has ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased; decreased 
B)  increased; increased 
C)  decreased; decreased 
D)  decreased; increased 
A)  increased; decreased 
B)  increased; increased 
C)  decreased; decreased 
D)  decreased; increased

Question 17

Which of the following would tend to cause the observed earnings of women to be lower than the observed earnings of men?

Accepted Answer

A)  The average woman has fewer years of schooling than the average man. 
B)  The average number of hours worked is smaller for women than men. 
C)  Women are more likely to prefer jobs that have more flexible hours. 
D)  All of the above would be causes. 
A)  The average woman has fewer years of schooling than the average man. 
B)  The average number of hours worked is smaller for women than men. 
C)  Women are more likely to prefer jobs that have more flexible hours. 
D)  All of the above would be causes.

Question 18

As the proportion of women preparing for careers as professionals increases,

Accepted Answer

A)  their years of work experience will become more similar to men. 
B)  the female/male earnings ratio will rise. 
C)  their level of human capital will become more similar to men. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  their years of work experience will become more similar to men. 
B)  the female/male earnings ratio will rise. 
C)  their level of human capital will become more similar to men. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 19

When employment discrimination results from the personal prejudices of employers, economic theory suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive forces will tend to reduce discrimination. 
B)  the wages of employees who are discriminated against will rise. 
C)  an employer who discriminates will have the same costs as those who do not discriminate. 
D)  discrimination by an employer will reduce production costs since the employer can pay lower wages. 
A)  competitive forces will tend to reduce discrimination. 
B)  the wages of employees who are discriminated against will rise. 
C)  an employer who discriminates will have the same costs as those who do not discriminate. 
D)  discrimination by an employer will reduce production costs since the employer can pay lower wages.

Question 20

Between 1960 and 1980, the labor force participation rate of women ____. Between 1980 and 2009, the labor force participation rate of women ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fell; fell 
B)  rose; rose 
C)  fell; rose 
D)  rose; fell 
A)  fell; fell 
B)  rose; rose 
C)  fell; rose 
D)  rose; fell

Special Topic 11 : Earnings Differences Between Men and Women

The earnings difference between single men and women is

When employment discrimination results from the personal prejudices of employers,

During the last two or three decades, the educational and career choices of women have become

In 2007, the labor force participation rate of women was

Between 1960 and 1980, the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers ____. Between 1980 and 2009, the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers ____.

Since 1980, the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers has been ____, while the labor force participation rate of women has been ____ during this same period.

If a firm refuses to hire any females due to a personal prejudice, its profits will

Why is it NOT surprising that men make up the minority of college graduates?

As a result of the educational and career choices of women becoming more like those of men during the last two decades, the earnings of women have

If an employer could really hire women who were willing and able to do the same work as men for 20 percent less, profit-seeking employers would have

Evaluate the following: "Employers who discriminate against women will have lower costs than rival firms that hire employees strictly on the basis of merit (productivity)."

In the future, the earnings differential between women and men is expected to

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following would constitute the strongest evidence of employment discrimination against female employees?

In 1964 civil rights legislation was passed

During the last two decades, the number of women preparing for careers as professionals has ____, and the proportion of those completing college degrees has ____.

Which of the following would tend to cause the observed earnings of women to be lower than the observed earnings of men?

As the proportion of women preparing for careers as professionals increases,

When employment discrimination results from the personal prejudices of employers, economic theory suggests that

Between 1960 and 1980, the labor force participation rate of women ____. Between 1980 and 2009, the labor force participation rate of women ____.

The Economic Approach

A : Some Tools of the Economist

B : Some Tools of the Economist

A : Supply, Demand, and the Market Process

B : Supply, Demand, and the Market Process

A : Supply and Demand: Applications and Extensions

B : Supply and Demand: Applications and Extensions

Difficult Cases for the Market and the Role of Government

The Economics of Collective Decision-Making

A : Taking the Nations Economic Pulse

B : Taking the Nations Economic Pulse

Economic Fluctuations, Unemployment, and Inflation

A : an Introduction to Basic Macroeconomic Markets

B : an Introduction to Basic Macroeconomic Markets

Dynamic Change, Economic Fluctuations, and the Ad-As Model

Fiscal Policy: the Keynesian View and Historical Perspective

Fiscal Policy, Incentives, and Secondary Effects

A : Money and the Banking System

B : Money and the Banking System

Modern Macroeconomics and Monetary Policy

Stabilization Policy, Output, and Employment

Creating an Environment for Growth and Prosperity

Institutions, Policies, and Cross-Country Differences in Income and Growth

Gaining From International Trade

International Finance and the Foreign Exchange Market

Consumer Choice and Elasticity

A : Costs and the Supply of Goods

B : Costs and the Supply of Goods

A : Price Takers and the Competitive Process

B : Price Takers and the Competitive Process

Price-Searcher Markets With Low Entry Barriers

A : Price-Searcher Markets With High Entry Barriers

B : Price-Searcher Markets With High Entry Barriers

The Supply of and Demand for Productive Resources

Earnings, Productivity, and the Job Market

Investment, the Capital Market, and the Wealth of Nations

Income Inequality and Poverty

Special Topic 1 : Government Spending and Taxation

Special Topic 2 : The Economics of Social Security

Special Topic 3 : The Stock Market: Its Function, Performance, and Potential as an Investment Opportunity

Special Topic 4 : Great Debates in Economics: Keynes Versus Hayek

Special Topic 5 : The Crisis of 2008: Causes and Lessons for the Future

Special Topic 6 : Lessons from the Great Depression

Special Topic 7 : Lessons from Japan and Canada

Special Topic 8 : The Federal Budget and the National Debt

Special Topic 9 : The Economics of Healthcare

Special Topic 10 : Education: Problems and Performance

Special Topic 12 : Do Labor Unions Increase the Wages of Workers?

Special Topic 13 : The Question of Resource Exhaustion

Special Topic 14 : Difficult Environmental Cases and the Role of Government

Filters

Between 1960 and 1980, the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers . Between 1980 and 2009, the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers .

Since 1980, the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers has been , while the labor force participation rate of women has been during this same period.

During the last two decades, the number of women preparing for careers as professionals has , and the proportion of those completing college degrees has .

Between 1960 and 1980, the labor force participation rate of women . Between 1980 and 2009, the labor force participation rate of women .