Question 1

Neurons that are deprived of oxygen for a prolonged period:

Accepted Answer

A) Release glycine,which inhibits the postsynaptic neurons and prevents neural function even in neurons not directly affected by the oxygen deprivation. 
B) Become inactive and slowly regenerate. 
C) Release glutamate,which causes overexcitation of the surrounding neurons. 
D) A,B,and C 
E) None of the above 
A) Release glycine,which inhibits the postsynaptic neurons and prevents neural function even in neurons not directly affected by the oxygen deprivation. 
B) Become inactive and slowly regenerate. 
C) Release glutamate,which causes overexcitation of the surrounding neurons. 
D) A,B,and C 
E) None of the above C

Question 2

In the mature central nervous system (CNS),axonal regeneration is impeded by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Glial scar formation 
B) Absence of neural growth factor 
C) Release of growth inhibiting factors 
D) Both A and B 
E) A,B,and C 
A) Glial scar formation 
B) Absence of neural growth factor 
C) Release of growth inhibiting factors 
D) Both A and B 
E) A,B,and C E

Question 3

Learning an individual's name requires:

Accepted Answer

A) Sprouting 
B) LTP 
C) Habituation 
D) Central chromatolysis 
A) Sprouting 
B) LTP 
C) Habituation 
D) Central chromatolysis B

Question 4

Which one of the following types of memory is affected by an injury to the hippocampus?

Accepted Answer

A) Memory of how to ride a bicycle 
B) Memory of names and events 
C) Memory of how to tie shoe laces 
D) Both A and B 
E) A,B,and C 
A) Memory of how to ride a bicycle 
B) Memory of names and events 
C) Memory of how to tie shoe laces 
D) Both A and B 
E) A,B,and C

Question 5

Which one of the following statements about constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)is true?

Accepted Answer

A) CIMT results in functional reorganization of the cortex. 
B) CIMT should be initiated within 5 days after the onset of stroke. 
C) CIMT involves the constraint of the unaffected UE and intense task-related practice of the affected UE. 
D) Both A and C 
A) CIMT results in functional reorganization of the cortex. 
B) CIMT should be initiated within 5 days after the onset of stroke. 
C) CIMT involves the constraint of the unaffected UE and intense task-related practice of the affected UE. 
D) Both A and C

Question 6

Cellular effects of excitotoxicity include:

Accepted Answer

A) Excessive production of lactic acid. 
B) Destruction of cellular proteins. 
C) Cellular edema. 
D) Interference of mitochondria functions. 
E) All of the above 
A) Excessive production of lactic acid. 
B) Destruction of cellular proteins. 
C) Cellular edema. 
D) Interference of mitochondria functions. 
E) All of the above

Question 7

Neurogenesis is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

A) Release of NGF to stimulate axonal regeneration. 
B) Addition of AMPA receptors to the postsynaptic membrane. 
C) Ability of stem cells to create new neurons in the brain. 
D) None of the above 
A) Release of NGF to stimulate axonal regeneration. 
B) Addition of AMPA receptors to the postsynaptic membrane. 
C) Ability of stem cells to create new neurons in the brain. 
D) None of the above

Question 8

Excitotoxicity begins with:

Accepted Answer

A) Excessive production of lactic acid. 
B) Destruction of cellular proteins. 
C) Cellular edema. 
D) Persistent binding of glutamate to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMD
A) -type receptors in the postsynaptic cell membrane. 
E) Interference of mitochondria functions. 
A) Excessive production of lactic acid. 
B) Destruction of cellular proteins. 
C) Cellular edema. 
D) Persistent binding of glutamate to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMD
A) -type receptors in the postsynaptic cell membrane. 
E) Interference of mitochondria functions.

Question 9

Which one of the following rehabilitation mechanisms promotes neural plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A) Task-specific practice 
B) Early initiation of rehabilitation 
C) Bed rest 
D) Both A and B 
A) Task-specific practice 
B) Early initiation of rehabilitation 
C) Bed rest 
D) Both A and B

Question 10

After learning how to play the violin:

Accepted Answer

A) Large,diffuse regions of the brain show increased activity. 
B) Small,distinct regions of the brain show increased activity. 
C) Small,distinct regions of the brain show increased activity while playing the flute. 
D) None of the above 
A) Large,diffuse regions of the brain show increased activity. 
B) Small,distinct regions of the brain show increased activity. 
C) Small,distinct regions of the brain show increased activity while playing the flute. 
D) None of the above

Question 11

Which one of the following externally applied devices is capable of enhancing or inhibiting motor learning and memory formation?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 
B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
C) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
D) Computed tomography (CT) 
A) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 
B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
C) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
D) Computed tomography (CT)

Question 12

Long-term depression (LTD)is due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Conversion of silent synapses to active synapses 
B) Removal of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMP
A) receptors from the postsynaptic membrane 
C) Addition of dopamine receptors to the presynaptic membrane 
D) Pairing of presynaptic and postsynaptic firing 
A) Conversion of silent synapses to active synapses 
B) Removal of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMP
A) receptors from the postsynaptic membrane 
C) Addition of dopamine receptors to the presynaptic membrane 
D) Pairing of presynaptic and postsynaptic firing

Question 13

Constraint-induced movement after a stroke requires which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Immobilization of the affected upper extremity (U
E) to control spasticity 
B) Repetitive closed-chain resistance training 
C) Aggressive range of motion and exercise within 12 hours after a stroke 
D) Repetitive,task-specific functional movements of only the affected UE 
E) Weight bearing and prolonged stretching of the affected UE 
A) Immobilization of the affected upper extremity (U
E) to control spasticity 
B) Repetitive closed-chain resistance training 
C) Aggressive range of motion and exercise within 12 hours after a stroke 
D) Repetitive,task-specific functional movements of only the affected UE 
E) Weight bearing and prolonged stretching of the affected UE

Question 14

Astrocytes may impact synaptic plasticity by:

Accepted Answer

A) Modulating neurotransmitter release 
B) Modulating postsynaptic receptor expression 
C) Modulating new synapse formation 
D) All of the above 
A) Modulating neurotransmitter release 
B) Modulating postsynaptic receptor expression 
C) Modulating new synapse formation 
D) All of the above

Question 15

Experience-dependent plasticity is also referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Use-dependent plasticity 
B) Activity-dependent plasticity 
C) Habituation 
D) Both A and B 
A) Use-dependent plasticity 
B) Activity-dependent plasticity 
C) Habituation 
D) Both A and B

Question 16

Functional regeneration of axons occurs more frequently in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)than in the CNS because of the:

Accepted Answer

A) Production of nerve growth factor (NGF). 
B) Effective clearing of debris. 
C) Formation of bands of Büngner. 
D) All of the above 
A) Production of nerve growth factor (NGF). 
B) Effective clearing of debris. 
C) Formation of bands of Büngner. 
D) All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following rehabilitation mechanisms promotes beneficial neural plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A) Task-specific practice 
B) Early initiation of rehabilitation 
C) Bed rest 
D) Both A and B 
A) Task-specific practice 
B) Early initiation of rehabilitation 
C) Bed rest 
D) Both A and B

Question 18

Which one of the following processes contributes to experience-dependent plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A) Synthesis of new proteins 
B) Growth of new synapses 
C) Modification of existing synapses 
D) A,B,and C 
A) Synthesis of new proteins 
B) Growth of new synapses 
C) Modification of existing synapses 
D) A,B,and C

Neurons that are deprived of oxygen for a prolonged period:

In the mature central nervous system (CNS),axonal regeneration is impeded by which of the following?

Learning an individual's name requires:

Which one of the following types of memory is affected by an injury to the hippocampus?

Which one of the following statements about constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)is true?

Cellular effects of excitotoxicity include:

Neurogenesis is defined as the:

Excitotoxicity begins with:

Which one of the following rehabilitation mechanisms promotes neural plasticity?

After learning how to play the violin:

Which one of the following externally applied devices is capable of enhancing or inhibiting motor learning and memory formation?

Long-term depression (LTD)is due to which of the following?

Constraint-induced movement after a stroke requires which one of the following?

Astrocytes may impact synaptic plasticity by:

Experience-dependent plasticity is also referred to as which of the following?

Functional regeneration of axons occurs more frequently in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)than in the CNS because of the:

Which of the following rehabilitation mechanisms promotes beneficial neural plasticity?

Which one of the following processes contributes to experience-dependent plasticity?

Introduction to Neuroscience

Physical and Electrical Properties of Cells in the Nervous System

Synapses and Synaptic Transmission

Development of the Nervous System

Somatosensory System

Somatosensation: Clinical Application

Neuropathic Pain, pain Matrix Dysfunction, and Pain Syndromes

Autonomic Nervous System

The Motor System: Motor Neurons

Basal Ganglia, cerebellum, and Movement

Peripheral Nervous System

Spinal Region

Cranial Nerves

Brainstem Region

Vestibular and Visual Systems

Cerebrum

Cerebrum: Clinical Applications

Support Systems: Blood Supply and Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Filters

Exam 4: Neuroplasticity

Neurons that are deprived of oxygen for a prolonged period:

In the mature central nervous system (CNS),axonal regeneration is impeded by which of the following?

Learning an individual's name requires:

Which one of the following types of memory is affected by an injury to the hippocampus?

Which one of the following statements about constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)is true?

Cellular effects of excitotoxicity include:

Neurogenesis is defined as the:

Excitotoxicity begins with:

Which one of the following rehabilitation mechanisms promotes neural plasticity?

After learning how to play the violin:

Which one of the following externally applied devices is capable of enhancing or inhibiting motor learning and memory formation?

Long-term depression (LTD)is due to which of the following?

Constraint-induced movement after a stroke requires which one of the following?

Astrocytes may impact synaptic plasticity by:

Experience-dependent plasticity is also referred to as which of the following?

Functional regeneration of axons occurs more frequently in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)than in the CNS because of the:

Which of the following rehabilitation mechanisms promotes beneficial neural plasticity?

Which one of the following processes contributes to experience-dependent plasticity?

Introduction to Neuroscience

Physical and Electrical Properties of Cells in the Nervous System

Synapses and Synaptic Transmission

Development of the Nervous System

Somatosensory System

Somatosensation: Clinical Application

Neuropathic Pain, pain Matrix Dysfunction, and Pain Syndromes

Autonomic Nervous System

The Motor System: Motor Neurons

Basal Ganglia, cerebellum, and Movement

Peripheral Nervous System

Spinal Region

Cranial Nerves

Brainstem Region

Vestibular and Visual Systems

Cerebrum

Cerebrum: Clinical Applications

Support Systems: Blood Supply and Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Filters